Organic Semiconductors based on [2.2]Paracyclophanes and Porphyrins as Hole Transport Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells

Solar power has become a promising renewable energy source, with research increasing solar cell efficiency (PCE) from under 1% to over 25%. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show great potential due to their efficient excitation in the perovskite layer. However, hole transport layers (HTLs) have hindered achieving higher efficiencies. This thesis explores various organic hole transport materials (HTMs) to substitute spiro-OMeTAD, a commonly used but tedious and energyintensive HTL. [2.2]Paracyclophane (PCP) served as the core structure, yielding promising results with different pseudo-parasubstituted HTMs achieving up to 8.4% PCE. Increasing the number of substituents to four led to an increased PCE of 11.0%. Furthermore, 17 different porphyrins were synthesized, and tetraphenylethene (TPE) was introduced to study various substitution patterns' influence on properties. The described materials displayed a wide range of HOMO energy levels suitable for perovskite solar cell applications.