The Longman Academic Writing Series helps English language students master the writing skills needed to succeed in their academic careers. The fi ve-level series spans writing topics from composing sentences to writing research papers. Each level covers the complete writing process from prewriting to revision.
Level 4 teaches high-intermediate students to write various genres of academic essays. The text's proven approach integrates training in grammar, mechanics, vocabulary, and essay organization along with the writing process.
Features
Realistic writing models and systematic practice empower students to write effectively in different genres. Clear explanations help students grasp and apply key concepts.
Sentence structure, grammar, and mechanics instruction helps students develop key writing skills.
A step-by-step approach guides students seamlessly through the writing process.
Vocabulary sections help students develop language awareness and improve the quality of their writing. Writing Tips provide useful strategies to enhance students' writing experience.
Writing Expansions, including journals, timed writing, and summarizing, build written fluency and test-taking skills.
Enhanced Digital Practice
An improved MyEnglishLab includes additional practice activities and assessments.
The Pearson Practice English App allows students to complete vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure activities on their mobile devices.
Auflage
Sprache
Verlagsort
Zielgruppe
Für den Englisch-Unterricht
Maße
Höhe: 275 mm
Breite: 209 mm
Dicke: 15 mm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-0-13-683863-0 (9780136838630)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Klassifikation
To the Teacher...................................................................................................................... xii Acknowledgments...............................................................................................................xiii Chapter Overview............................................................................................................... xiv PART I: WRITING A PARAGRAPH Chapter 1 Paragraph Structure.......................................................................2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................3 Analyzing the Model .....................................................................................................3 Noticing Vocabulary: Word Families ......................................................................4 Parts of a Paragraph .................................................................................................5 The Topic Sentence ......................................................................................................5 Supporting Sentences ...............................................................................................11 The Concluding Sentence .........................................................................................14 Applying Vocabulary: Using Word Families .................................................17 The Writing Process ................................................................................................17 Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about Communication ................................18 Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................20 Expansion ....................................................................................................................21 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about a Communications Medium .......................21 Writing on an Assigned Topic ....................................................................................21 Chapter 2 Unity and Coherence ...................................................................22 Introduction .................................................................................................................23 Analyzing the Model ...................................................................................................23 Noticing Vocabulary: Synonyms 1 .......................................................................24 Unity ...............................................................................................................................24 Coherence ...................................................................................................................26 Repetition of Key Nouns............................................................................................27 Consistent Pronouns..................................................................................................30 Transition Signals........................................................................................................31 Logical Order ...............................................................................................................40 Applying Vocabulary: Using Synonyms 1 ............................................................42 Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about Health and Medicine ........................42 Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................44 Expansion ....................................................................................................................45 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about a Medical Topic .............................................45 Responding to a Reading ..........................................................................................45 Chapter 3 Using Outside Sources...............................................................46 Introduction .................................................................................................................47 Analyzing the Model ................................................................................................47 Noticing Vocabulary: Synonyms 2 .......................................................................48 Using and Citing Sources ......................................................................................48 Plagiarism.....................................................................................................................48 Correct Citations.........................................................................................................49 Quotations ...................................................................................................................52 Reporting Verbs and Phrases ...................................................................................52 Punctuating Direct Quotations ..................................................................................53 Using Direct Quotations as Support ........................................................................55 Changing Direct Quotations to Indirect Quotations ..............................................56 Paraphrasing ..............................................................................................................58 Analyzing the Model ................................................................................................58 Plagiarism and Paraphrasing ....................................................................................60 Writing a Successful Paraphrase ..............................................................................61 Using Paraphrases as Support .................................................................................64 Summarizing ...............................................................................................................66 Analyzing the Model ................................................................................................66 Writing a Successful Summary .................................................................................67 Applying Vocabulary: Using Synonyms 2 ............................................................69 Writing Assignment: A Summary of an Article ....................................................70 Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................71 Expansion ....................................................................................................................72 Timed Writing: A Summary of a Reading ...............................................................72 Responding to a Reading ..........................................................................................72 PART II: WRITING AN ESSAY Chapter 4 From Paragraph to Essay.........................................................74 Introduction .................................................................................................................75 Analyzing the Model ................................................................................................75 Noticing Vocabulary: Nouns and Noun Suffixes ................................................77 Parts of an Essay ......................................................................................................78 The Introductory Paragraph ......................................................................................79 Body Paragraphs ........................................................................................................86 The Concluding Paragraph ........................................................................................87 Patterns of Organization .......................................................................................89 Organization and Thesis Statements .......................................................................89 Organization and Body Paragraphs .........................................................................90 Outlines of Essays ....................................................................................................96 Applying Vocabulary: Using Nouns and Noun Suffixes ....................................97 Writing Assignment: An Essay about Education ................................................98 Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................99 Expansion ..................................................................................................................100 Timed Writing: An Essay about Education ...........................................................100 Using Quotes and Paraphrases to Support Ideas ...............................................100 Chapter 5 Process Essays..............................................................................101 Introduction ...............................................................................................................102 Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................102 Noticing Vocabulary: Word Parts and Word Families ......................................105 Organization .............................................................................................................106 Thesis Statements for a Process Essay ................................................................106 Body Paragraphs in a Process Essay ....................................................................108 Transition Signals for Chronological Order ...........................................................109 Applying Vocabulary: Using Word Parts and Word Families ..........................111 Writing Assignment: A Process Essay about Earth Science ..........................112 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................114 Expansion ..................................................................................................................114 Timed Writing: A Process Essay ............................................................................114 Writing from a Diagram ............................................................................................115 Chapter 6 Cause / Effect Essays ...............................................................116 Introduction ...............................................................................................................117 Analyzing the Models ............................................................................................117 Noticing Vocabulary: Collocations 1 ..................................................................120 Organization .............................................................................................................121 Block Organization ...................................................................................................121 Chain Organization ...................................................................................................123 Transition Signals for Cause / Effect Relationships .............................................124 Applying Vocabulary: Using Collocations 1 ......................................................129 Writing Assignment: A Cause / Effect Essay about Psychology ...................130 Self Assessment ......................................................................................................131 Expansion ..................................................................................................................132 Timed Writing: A Cause / Effect Essay..................................................................132 Writing a Summary and Response.........................................................................132 Chapter 7 Comparison / Contrast Essays...........................................133 Introduction ...............................................................................................................134 Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................134 Noticing Vocabulary: Antonyms ..........................................................................136 Organization .............................................................................................................137 Points of Comparison ...............................................................................................137 Point-by-Point Organization ....................................................................................138 Block Organization ...................................................................................................138 Comparison and Contrast Signal Words ...............................................................140 Applying Vocabulary: Using Antonyms ..............................................................147 Writing Assignment: A Comparison / Contrast Essay about Culture ............147 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................150 Expansion ..................................................................................................................150 Timed Writing: An Essay about Child / Parent Relationships ...........................150 Writing a Summary and Response.........................................................................151 Chapter 8 Argumentative Essays ..............................................................152 Introduction ...............................................................................................................153 Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................153 Noticing Vocabulary: Collocations 2 ..................................................................155 Organization .............................................................................................................156 The Elements of an Argumentative Essay .............................................................156 The Introductory Paragraph ....................................................................................158 Statistics as Support .............................................................................................160 Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................160 Applying Vocabulary: Using Collocations 2 ......................................................165 Writing Assignment: An Argumentative Essay about Space Travel................166 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................167 Expansion ..................................................................................................................168 Timed Writing: An Essay about Technology ........................................................168 Rebutting an Argument ............................................................................................168 PART III: SENTENCE STRUCTURE Chapter 9 Types of Sentences.....................................................................170 Introduction ...............................................................................................................171 Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................171 Independent and Dependent Clauses ............................................................173 Independent Clauses ...............................................................................................173 Dependent Clauses ..................................................................................................173 Kinds of Sentences ................................................................................................174 Simple Sentences .....................................................................................................174 Compound Sentences .............................................................................................175 Complex Sentences .................................................................................................182 Compound-Complex Sentences ............................................................................184 Sentence Types and Writing Style ...................................................................185 Editing Practice .......................................................................................................187 Writing Practice .......................................................................................................187 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................188 Chapter 10 Parallelism and Sentence Problems............................189 Introduction ...............................................................................................................190 Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................190 Parallel Structure in Sentences ........................................................................191 Parallelism with Coordinators: And, Or, But ........................................................192 Parallelism with Correlative (Paired) Conjunctions ..............................................192 Sentence Problems ................................................................................................194 Sentence Fragments ................................................................................................194 Choppy Sentences ...................................................................................................196 Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices ...............................................................199 Stringy Sentences .....................................................................................................201 Editing Practice .......................................................................................................203 Writing Practice .......................................................................................................204 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................204 Chapter 11 Noun Clauses................................................................................205 Introduction ...............................................................................................................206 Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................207 That Clauses .............................................................................................................207 Sentences Beginning with It ....................................................................................208 Special Verb Tenses in That Clauses .....................................................................210 If / Whether Clauses ..............................................................................................214 Question Clauses ....................................................................................................216 Editing Practice .......................................................................................................218 Writing Practice .......................................................................................................219 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................220 Chapter 12 Adverb Clauses............................................................................221 Introduction ...............................................................................................................222 Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................222 Kinds of Adverb Clauses .....................................................................................223 Time Clauses .............................................................................................................224 Place Clauses ............................................................................................................225 Distance, Frequency, and Manner Clauses ..........................................................226 Reason Clauses ........................................................................................................228 Result Clauses ...........................................................................................................230 Purpose Clauses .......................................................................................................233 Contrast Clauses ......................................................................................................235 Conditional Clauses ..................................................................................................239 Editing Practice .......................................................................................................240 Writing Practice .......................................................................................................242 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................242 Chapter 13 Adjective Clauses......................................................................243 Introduction ...............................................................................................................244 Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................244 Relative Pronouns and Adverbs .......................................................................245 Position of Adjective Clauses .................................................................................245 Verb Agreement in Adjective Clauses ....................................................................246 Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses .....................................246 Punctuation of Adjective Clauses ...........................................................................246 Kinds of Adjective Clauses .................................................................................247 Relative Pronouns as Subjects ...............................................................................247 Relative Pronouns as Objects .................................................................................250 Possessive Adjective Clauses ................................................................................252 Relative Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions .....................................................255 Relative Pronouns in Phrases of Quantity and Quality ........................................257 Adjective Clauses of Time and Place ....................................................................259 Editing Practice .......................................................................................................262 Writing Practice .......................................................................................................263 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................263 Chapter 14 Participles and Participial Phrases...............................264 Introduction ...............................................................................................................265 Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................265 Kinds of Participles ................................................................................................266 Participle Forms.........................................................................................................266 Participial Phrases .................................................................................................267 Reduced Adjective Clauses ....................................................................................267 Position and Punctuation of Participial Phrases ..................................................267 Present Participial Phrases ......................................................................................268 Past Participial Phrases ...........................................................................................269 Perfect Form Participial Phrases ............................................................................271 Participial Phrases and Writing Style .....................................................................272 Reduced Adverb Clauses ........................................................................................274 Editing Practice .......................................................................................................277 Writing Practice .......................................................................................................278 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................278 APPENDICES Appendix A Chapter Readings ..............................................................................279 Appendix B Connecting Words and Transition Signals .....................................291 Appendix C Punctuation Rules ..............................................................................299 Appendix D Correction Symbols ...........................................................................309 Appendix E Research and Documentation of Sources ......................................312 Appendix F Peer Review / Writer's Self-Check Worksheets .............................320 Index ....................................................................................................................................337 Credits .................................................................................................................................343
