This book examines the early stages of the evolution of biotechnology explaining how technological change proceeds in modern industrial economies. It focuses upon the process of creation and modification of institutions in a wide definition which organized and supported the innovative activities of a variety of different agents in conditions of uncertainty. The patterns of evolution in biotechnology in the USA, Japan, UK, Germany and France are compared, analyzing the different systems of innovation and their different technological capabilities and institutional set-ups. Within each country the main actors are identified as the scientific system, the company sector and government and the interaction between these is examined closely. In conclusion, the author considers future prospects and new possibilities for the biotechnology industry.
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Zielgruppe
Illustrationen
lists of figures and tables, bibliography, index
Maße
Höhe: 229 mm
Breite: 152 mm
ISBN-13
978-0-86187-702-7 (9780861877027)
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Schweitzer Klassifikation
Part 1 Markets and institutions in the evolution of technologies and industries: biotechnology - from science to technology; alternative conceptualizations of the nature technology and the innovative process - technology like information; the properties of technology; technological paradigms and technological regimes; technological regimes and the patterns of innovation; microeconomic behaviour, learning and division of labour; selection and variety; institutions and the patterns of technical change. Part 2 Biotechnology - the properties of the technological regime: definitions and some brief historical remark; the nature of the technological regime; the main features of the patterns of innovation. Part 3 The main trends in the development of biotechnology: patent statistics; the growth of innovative activities across countries. Part 4 The role of science and the emergence of the industry-university complex: the role of science in innovative activities; the forms of industry-university relationships in the USA; from science to technology; the problems of the industry-university relationships; industry-university relationships in Europe and in Japan. Part 5 The patterns of industrial innovative activities: the cumulative nature of innovation in biotechnology; the entry in the new paradigm; the concentration of innovative activities; the new biotechnology firms; the relationships between NBTFs and established corporations; structural and institutional conditions for new firms formation - the NBTFs in Europe and Japan; the direction of innovative activities. Part 6 The role of governments and the nature of public policies: the process of formation of public policies; the strategies. Part 7 The patterns of innovation in biotechnology - a summary.
