Measurement of Joint Motion

Part 1 Introduction to goniometry: basic concepts; procedures; validity and reliability. Part 2 Upper-extremity testing: the shoulder; the elbow and forearm; the wrist; the hand. Part 3 Lower-extremity testing: the hip; the knee; the ankle and foot. Part 4 Testing of the spine and temporomandibular joint: the cervical spine; the thoracic and lumbar spine; the temporomandibular joint. Appendices: average ranges of motion; joint measurements by body position; sample numerical recording form.