This text presents an introduction to the most important analytical techniques that are presently used in catalysis and in catalytic surface chemistry. The aim of this book is to provide a grounding in the type of information that spectroscopic techniques provide about questions concerning catalysts or concerning catalytic phenomena, in routine or more advanced applications. The book also introduces microscopy, diffraction and temperature-programmed reaction methods, as these are important tools in the chracterization of catalysts. Applications have been limited to metals, oxides, sulfides and matal single crystals. A chapter on case studies highlights a few important catalyst systems and illustrates how powerful combinations of techniques are. An appendix on the surface theory of metals and on chemical bonding at surfaces is included to provide better insights into the results of photoemission, vibrational spectroscopy and thermal desorption.
Auflage
Sprache
Verlagsort
Zielgruppe
Für höhere Schule und Studium
Für Beruf und Forschung
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ISBN-13
978-3-527-28726-0 (9783527287260)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Part 1 Introduction: heterogeneous catalysis; aim of catalysis characterization; spectroscopic techniques; research strategies. Part 2 Temperature programmed techniques: temperature programmed reduction; temperature programmed sulfidation; temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy; thermal desorption spectroscopy. Part 3 Photoemission and auger spectroscopy: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS); auger electron spectroscopy. Part 4 The ion spectroscopies: secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS); ion scattering - the collision process; Rutherford back scattering spectrometry (RBS); low energy ion scattering (LEIS). Part 5 Mossbauer spectroscopy: the Mossbauer effect; Mossbauer spectroscopy; Mossbauer spectroscopy in catalyst characterization. Part 6 Diffraction and EXAFS: X-ray diffraction; low energy electron diffraction; extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Part 7 Microscopy and related techniques: electron microscopy; scanning probe microscopy - AFM and STM; field emission and ion microscopy. Part 8 The vibrational spectroscopies: theory of molecular vibrations; infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); concluding remarks. Part 9 Case studies in catalyst characterization: supported rhodium catalysts; cobalt-molybdenum sulfide hydrodesulfurization catalysts; alkali promoters on metal surfaces; concluding remarks. Appendix: metal surfaces, chemisorption and magnetism - theory of metal surfaces; chemisorption on metals; magnetism in small particles.
