Preface to the Second Edition; Preface to the First Edition; Chapter One - Surfactant Science and Technology: An Overview; Introduction; A Brief History of Surfactant Science and Technology; Surfaces, Interfaces, and Surfactant Structures; The Nature of Interfaces; Molecules at Interfaces; The Surfactant "Personality"; Surfactant Building Blocks; The Economic Role of Surfactants; Modern Surfactant Consumption; The Economic and Technological Future; Surfactants in the Environment; A Surfactant Glossary; The Shape of Things To Come; Chapter Two - The Organic Chemistry of Surfactants; Introduction; The Many Faces of Dodecane; The Classification of Surfactants; Surfactant Solubilizing Groups; Common Surfactant Hydrophobic Groups; The Natural Fatty Acids; Paraffins; Olefins; Alkylbenzenes; Alcohols; Alkylphenols; Polyoxypropylenes; Fluorocarbons; Silicone Surfactants; Anionic Surfactants; Sulfate Esters; Fatty Alcohol Sulfates; Sulfated Fatty Acid Condensation Products; Sulfated Ethers; Sulfated Fats and Oils; Sulfonic Acid Salts; Aliphatic Sulfonates; Alkylaryl Sulfonates; alpha--Sulfocarboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives; Miscellaneous Sulfo Ester and Amide Surfactants; Alkyl Glyceryl Ether Sulfonates; Carboxylate Soaps and Detergents; Ligninsulfonates; Phosphoric Acid Esters and Related Surfactants; Cationic Surfactants; Textiles and Cleaning Applications; Antibacterial Applications; Corrosion Protection; Ore Flotation; Asphalt Emulsions; Miscellaneous Applications; Nonionic Surfactants; Polyoxyethylene--Based Surfactants; Derivatives of Polyglycerois and Other Polyols; Block Copolymer Nonionic Surfactants; Miscellaneous Nonionic Surfactants; Amphoteric Surfactants; Imidazoline Derivatives; Surface Active Betaines and Sulfobetaines; Phosphatides and Related Amphoteric Surfactants; Chapter Three - Surfactants In Solution: Micellization and Related Association Phenomena; Introduction; Surfactant Solubility; The Phase Spectrum of Surfactants In Solution; The History and Development of Micellar Theory; Manifestations of Micelle Formation; Thermodynamics of Dilute Surfactant Solutions; Classical Theories of Micelle Formation; Free Energy of Micellization; Molecular Geometry and the Formation of Association Colloids; Experimental Observations of Micellar Systems; Micellar Aggregation Numbers; The Critical Micelle Concentration; The Hydrophobic Group; The Hydrophilic Group; Counterion Effects on Micellization; The Effect of Additives on The Micellization Process; Electrolyte Effects on Micelle Formation; The Effect of pH; The Effects of Added Organic Materials; The Effect of Temperature on Micellization; Micelle Formation in Mixed Surfactant Systems; Micelle Formation in Nonaqueous Media; Chapter Four - Solubilization, Microemulsions, and Miceliar Catalysis; Introduction; Solubilization In Surfactant Micelles; The "Geography" of Solubilization in Micelles; Surfactant Structure and the Solubilization Process; Solubilization and the Nature of the Additive; The Effect of Temperature on Solubilization Phenomena; The Effects of Nonelectrolyte Cosolutes; The Effects of Added Electrolyte; Miscellaneous Factors Affecting Solubilization; Microemulsions; Surfactants, Cosurfactants, and Microemulsion Formation; Micellar Catalysis; Micellar Catalysis in Aqueous Solvent; Micellar Catalysis in Nonaqueous Solvents; Chapter Five - Liquid Crystals, Vesicles and Lipid Membranes; Introduction; Liquid Crystals; Liquid Crystalline Phases in Simple Binary Systems; Temperature and Additive Effects on Phase Behavior; Vesicles and Bilayer Membranes; Vesicles; Biological Membranes; Membrane Surfactants or Lipids; Polymerized Vesicles and Bilayers; Chapter Six - Surfactant--Polymer Interactions; Introduction; Surfactant--Polymer Complex Formation; Nonionic Polymers; Ionic Polymers and Proteins; Polymers, Surfactants, and Solubilization; Our Daily Bread; Chapter Seven - Surface Activity and the Liquid/Vapor Interface; Introduction; Interfaces and the Adsorption Phenomenon; A Thermodynamic Picture of Adsorption; The Effect of Surface Curvature; The Surface Tension of Solutions; Surfactants and the Reduction of Surface Tension; Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Surfactant Structure; Chapter Eight - Emulsions; Introduction; The Liquid/Liquid Interface; General Considerations of Emulsion Stability; The Lifetimes of Typical Emulsions; Theories of Emulsion Stability; Emulsion Type and the Nature of the Surfactant; Surface Activity and Emulsion Stability; Mixed Surfactant Systems and Interfacial Complexes; Liquid Crystals and Emulsion Stability; Surfactant Structure and Emulsion Performance; The Hydrophile--Lipophile Balance (HLB); The Effects of Additives on HLB; Phase Inversion Temperature (PIT); Application of HLB and PIT in Emulsion Formulation; Multiple Emulsions; Nomenclature for Multiple Emulsions; Preparation and Stability of Multiple Emulsions; Primary Emulsion Breakdown; The Surfactants and Phase Components; Chapter Nine - Foams; Introduction; The Physical Basis for Foam Formation; The Physical Role of the Surfactant in Foams; Foam Formation and Surfactant Structure; Liquid Crystals and Foam Stability; The Effects of Additives on Surfactant Foaming Properties; Foam Inhibition; Chemical Structures of Antifoaming Agents; A Summary of the Foaming and Antifoaming Activity of Additives; Chapter Ten - Surfactants at the Solid/Liquid Interface; Introduction; The Nature of Solid Surfaces; Liquid versus Solid Surfaces; Adsorption at the Solid/Liquid Interface; Adsorption Isotherms; Mechanisms of Surfactant Adsorption; The Electrical Double Layer; The Mechanics of Surfactant Adsorption; Adsorption and the Nature of the Adsorbent Surface; Nonpolar, Hydrophobic Surfaces; Polar, Uncharged Surfaces; Surfaces Having Discrete Electrical Charges; Surfactant Structure and Adsorption from Solution; Surfaces Possessing Strong Charge Sites; Adsorption by Uncharged, Polar Surfaces; Surfactants at Nonpolar, Hydrophobic Surfaces; The Effect of Surfactant Adsorption on the Character of the Solid Surface; Wetting and Related Phenomena; Surfactant Manipulation of the Wetting Process; Some Practical Aspects of Wetting Control by Surfactants; Detergency and Soil Removal; The Cleaning Process; Soil Types; Solid Soil Removal; Liquid Soil Removal; Redeposition; Correlations of Surfactant Structure and Detergency; Nonaqueous Cleaning Solutions; Enhanced Oil Recovery; Suspension of Solids in Liquids; A Final Comment; Bibliography; References; Index
