Part I. The Neurochemistry of the States of Sleep and Wakefulness: 1. Neurochemistry of the preoptic hypothalamic hypnogenic mechanism Dennis McGinty, Md. Noor Alam, Hui Gong, Melvi Methippara, Natalia Suntsova, Ruben Guzman-Marin and Ronald Szymusiak; 2. Neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of wakefulness and REM sleep systems Ritchie E. Brown and Robert W. McCarley; 3. Rapid eye movement sleep regulation by modulation of the noradrenergic system Birendra N. Mallick, Vibha Madan and Sushil K. Jha; Part II. The Influence of Neurotransmitters on Sleep and Wakefulness: 4. Gamma-aminobutyric acid and the regulation of paradoxical, or rapid eye movement sleep Pierre-Herve Luppi, Damien Gervasoni, Laure Verret, Romain Goutagny, Christelle Peyron, Denise Salvert, Lucienne Leger and Patrice Fort; 5. Acetylcholine modulates sleep and wakefulness: a synaptic perspective Ralph Lydic and Helen A. Baghdoyan; 6. Histamine in the control of sleep-wakefulness Mahesh M. Thakkar and Robert W. McCarley; 7. Dopamine in behavioral state control David B. Rye and Amanda A. H. Freeman; 8. Glutamate neurotransmission and sleep Irwin Feinberg and Ian G. Campbell; 9. Serotonin and sleep/wake regulation Jaime M Monti, Hector Jantos and Daniel Monti; Part III. Changing Perspectives: 10. Melatonin and its receptors: biological function in circadian sleep/wake regulation Daniel P. Cardinali, S. R. Pandi-Perumal and Lennard P. Niles; 11. Sleep regulatory factors Levente Kapas and Eva Szentirmai; 12. Adenosine and sleep/wake regulation Dag Stenberg and Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen; 13. Prostaglandins and the regulation of sleep and wakefulness Osamu Hayaishi and Yoshihiro Urade; 14. Neuropeptides and sleep/wake regulation Luis de Lecea; 15. Orexins in sleep and wakefulness: rodent models of narcolepsy-cataplexy Christopher M. Sinton and Jon T. Willie; 16. The relevance of experimental pharmacology to currently available sleep/wake therapeutics Rafael J. Salin-Pascual.