Gastrointestinal Surgical Techniques in Small Animals

List of Contributors Preface About the Website Section I: General concepts Chapter 1: Intestinal healing Eric Monnet and Daniel Smeak Anatomy Phases of wound healing Factors affecting gastrointestinal tract healing Chapter 2: Suture materials, staplers, and tissue apposition devices Daniel Smeak Suture materials Predictable absorption profile Tensile strength and knot security Low capillarity and bacterial adhesion Handling characteristics Rate of strength gain in GI surgery Suture needles Directional barbed suture Biofragmentable anastomosis ring Staplers, Linear, Circular, Skin staplers Chapter 3: Suture pattern Daniel Smeak One or two layer closure Tissue inversion eversion or apposition Stapled or hand-sutured anastomosis Apposition suture patterns Simple interrupted Simple continuous Patterns to reduce excessive mucosal eversion Inverting suture patterns Halstead Cushing and Connell Lembert Parker Kerr oversew Special supplementary patterns: Purse-string Chapter 4: Feeding tubes Eric Monnet Nasoesophageal and nasogastric tubes Indications Materials and equipment Surgical techniques Utilization Tips Complications Esophagostomy tube Indications Materials and equipment Surgical techniques Utilization Tips Complications Gastrostomy tube Indications Materials and equipment Surgical techniques Endoscopic placement Laparoscopically assisted Laparotomy Utilization Tips Complications Jejunostomy tube Indications Materials and equipment Surgical techniques Laparoscopically assisted Laparotomy Utilization Tips Complications Gastro-Jejunostomy tube Indications Materials and equipment Surgical techniques Utilization Tips Complications Chapter 5: Drainage technique Eric Monnet Indications Techniques Percutaneous placement of an abdominal drain Passive drain Closed suction drain Surgical placement of a closed suction drain Open abdomen Vacuum assisted drainage of the abdominal cavity Tips Complications and after care Section II: Oral cavity Chapter 6: Mandibulectomy and maxillectomy Bernard Seguin Indications Surgical techniques Maxillectomy Mandibulectomy Tips Complications and postoperative care Complications of maxillectomy Complications of mandibulectomy Chapter 7: Glossectomy Eric Monnet and Bernard Seguin Indications Surgical techniques Tips Complications and prognosis Chapter 8: Tonsillectomy Eric Monnet and Bernard Seguin Indications Surgical techniques Tips Complications and prognosis Chapter 9: Palate defect Chad Lothamer and Jennifer Rawlinson Indications Surgical techniques Repair of congenital cleft palate correction techniques Secondary cleft palate correction techniques Von Langenbeck technique Overlapping flap technique Soft palate repair techniques Bilateral medially positioned flaps Overlapping flap technique for repair of the soft palate Repair of acquired defects Vestibular mucoperiosteal flaps Palatal mucoperiosteal flaps Transposition flap Split palatal U-flap Rotating palatal island flap Palatal advancement flaps Miscellaneous palatal repair and salvage techniques Midline palatal fracture or separation Myoperitoneal microvascular free flap Angularis Oris mucosal flap Obturators Bone and cartilage grafts for the support of pedicle grafts Tips Complications Chapter 10: Salivary glands surgery Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Anatomical considerations Removal of sialoliths Cervical, pharyngeal, rankle mucocele Approaches to the mandibular/sublingual salivary complex Ventral Approach Marsupialization of Pharyngeal Mucoceles and Ranulas Zygomatic salivary mucocele Surgical exposure (approaches) for zygomatic sialadenectomy Gland Excision Technique Parotid mucocele Tips Complications and outcome Section III: Esophagus Chapter 11: Esophagotomy Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Surgical approach to the esophagus Esophagotomy Patch Tips Complications Chapter 12: Esophagectomy Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Esophagectomy Dilation and diverticulum of the esophagus Substitution Tips Complications Chapter 13: Cricopharyngeal myectomy and Heller myectomy Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Cricopharyngeal myotomy Heller's myotomy Tips Cricopharyngeal myotomy Heller's myotomy Complications Chapter 14: Vascular ring anomalies Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Intercostal thoracotomy Ligamentum arteriosum Double aortic arch Thoracoscopy Tips Complications and aftercare Chapter 15: Hiatal hernia Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Laparotomy Laparoscopy Tips Complications and post-operative cares Section IV: Stomach Chapter 16: Anatomy and physiology of the stomach Eric Monnet Anatomy Divisions Morphology and glandular organization Blood supply Innervation Physiology Gastrin Somatostatin Histamine Ghrelin and leptin Other gastric secretory products Acid secretion Acid secretions and gastrectomy Stomach motility and gastrectomy Chapter 17: Gastrotomy Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Tips Complications and post-operative cares Chapter 18: Gastrectomy Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Local gastrectomy for resection of neoplasia or ulcer Local gastrectomy for resection of GDV Segmental gastrectomy Tips Complications and post-operative cares Chapter 19: Billroth I Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Tips Complications Chapter 20: Billroth II Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Gastrectomy Dissection of the duodenum Gastro-jejunostomy Cholecystoduodenostomy Feeding tubes Tips Complications and post-operative cares Dumping syndrome Afferent loop syndrome Gastritis and esophagitis Chapter 21: Pyloroplasty Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Y-U pyloroplasty Other pyloroplasty Pyloromyotomy Tips Complications Chapter 22: Roux in Y Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Roux in Y for upper GI reconstruction Roux in Y for biliary diversion Roux in Y for upper GI diversion Tips Complications and post-operative cares Chapter 23: Gastropexy Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Tube gastropexy Incisional gastropexy Belt loop gastropexy Circumcostal gastropexy Gastrocolopexy Incorporating gastropexy Endoscopically assisted gastropexy Laparoscopic assisted gastropexy Laparoscopic gastropexy Tips Complications and complications Section V: Intestine Chapter 24: Enterotomy Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Intestinal biopsy Enterotomy Tips Leak test Reinforcement of an enterotomy Complications and outcome Chapter 25: Enterectomy Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Hand sewn anastomosis Anastomosis using skin stapler Functional end to end anastomosis with stapling equipment: open technique One stage functional end to end anastomosis Tips Anatomical considerations Handling of tissue Utilization of linear stapler Suture line reinforcement Complications and outcome Chapter 26: Enteroplication Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Complete enteroplication Limited enteroplication Tips Anatomical considerations Handling of tissue Utilization of linear stapler Suture line reinforcement Complications and outcome Section VI: Colon Chapter 27: Colectomy Daniel Smeak and Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Preoperative considerations Surgical procedures Colonic anastomosis closure methods Surgical techniques Tips Postoperative considerations and prognosis Chapter 28: Colotomy Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Preoperative considerations Surgical procedure Tips Postoperative considerations and prognosis Chapter 29: Thyplectomy Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Simple typhlectomy Colotomy and typhlectomy Ileocolic resection and anastomosis Tips Postoperative considerations and prognosis Chapter 30: Colostomy Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Flank diverting loop rod-supported colostomy End on colostomy Laparoscopic assisted end-on jejunostomy Tips Postoperative considerations and prognosis Chapter 31 Colopexy Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Standard ventral midline approach Paramedian incorporating Laparoscopic colopexy Laparoscopic assisted colopexy Tips Postoperative care and complications Section VII: Rectum and anal sac Chapter 32: Approaches to the rectum Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical approaches to the rectum Dorsal approach Lateral approach Ventral approach with pubic osteotomy Postoperative care and complications Chapter 33: Surgery of the rectum Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Transanal technique Combined transanal and abdominal techniques Tips Postoperative care and complications Chapter 34: Anal sac resection Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical techniques Preparation and positioning of the patient Open techniques Closed techniques Closed techniques for anal sac neoplasia Tips Postoperative care and complications Section IV: Liver and gall bladder Chapter 35: Liver lobectomy Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Liver biopsy Laparotomy Laparoscopy Partial liver lobectomy Complete liver lobectomy Liver lobectomy with sutures Liver lobectomy with staples Tips Complications Chapter 36: Surgery of the gall bladder Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Cholecystostomy Cholecystotomy Cholecystectomy Laparotomy Laparoscopy Tips Complications and postoperative care Chapter 37: Biliary diversion Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Temporary bile diversion Temporary cholecystostomy tube during laparotomy Temporary cholecystostomy tube with laparoscopy Permanent biliary diversion Cholecystoduodenostomy Roux in Y diversion Cholecystojejunostomy Choledochoduodenostomy or choledochojejunostomy Tips Complications Chapter 38: Surgery of the bile duct Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Choledochotomy Resection anastomosis of the common bile duct Choledochoduodenostomy or choledochojejunostomy Complications Chapter 39: Biliary stenting Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Short term temporary stenting Long term temporary stenting Permanent stenting Tips Complications and post-operative cares Chapter 40: Arterio-venous fistula Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Laparotomy Interventional radiology Tips Complications Chapter 41: Portosystemic shunts Eric Monnet Indications Surgical techniques Extraheaptic shunt Identification Dissection Intraheaptic shunt Identification Dissection Techniques for ligation or progressive occlusion of the shunt Techniques resulting in fixed attenuation of a shunt Techniques resulting in slow progressive and complete occlusion of a shunt Tips Complications Post-operative complications and short term outcome Long term complications and outcome Section V: Pancreas Chapter 42: Surgery of the pancreas Daniel Smeak Indications Surgical procedures Pancreatic biopsy Nodulectomy Partial pancreatectomy Total pancreatectomy Pancreatic drainage Tips Post-operative care and complications