During the last 30 years, there has been a remarkable devel- opment and increase in the number of processes and devices that utilize or emit non-ionizing radiant energies such as micro- waves, a form of electromagnetic wave energy and ultrasound representative of mechanical vibration. These energies are used in all sectors of our society for military, industrial, telecommunications, medical, and consumer applications. More recently, the use of ultrasound in biology and medicine has been considerably expanded. These increases in sources of non- ionizing radiant energy have resulted in growing interest on the part of government regulatory agencies, industrial and mili- tary physicians, research workers, clinicians, and even environ- mentalists. Although there is information on biologic effects and potential hazards to man from exposure to microwaves or ultrasound, considerable confusion and misinformation has permeated not only the public press but also some scientific and technical publications. Interest in the biologic effects of high frequency currents developed in the beginning of the present century. This was followed by the introduction of "u1trashortwave" therapy.
During the latter part of World War II, the U. S. military services became interested in the possible hazards to personnel working around microwave sources, and the Office of Naval Research of the U. S. Navy began to sponsor research on the biologic effects of microwaves in 1948. In 1956, the U. S.
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Springer Science+Business Media
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ISBN-13
978-0-306-30901-4 (9780306309014)
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Schweitzer Klassifikation
Session I: Biophysics and Dosimetry.- Dielectric Properties of Biological Materials and Interaction of Microwave Fields at the Cellular and Molecular Level.- Acoustic Properties of Biological Materials.- Synthesis of Frequency Response of Electric Field Probes.- Ultrasonic Measuring Techniques.- Session II: Energy Absorption.- Transient Effects of Low-Level Microwave Irradiation on Bioelectric and Muscle Cell Properties and on Water Permeability and Its Distribution.- Thermal Factors in Ultrasonic Focal Destruction in Organized Tissues.- Physiological Responses to Heat.- Session III: Microwaves - Biological Effects.- Electrophysiological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Animals.- Sensation and Perception of Microwave Energy.- Session IV: Ultrasound - Biological Effects.- Are Chromosomal Aberrations Reliable Indicators of Environmental Hazards?.- Action of Ultrasound on Isolated Cells and Cell Cultures.- Non-Thermal Effects of Ultrasound on Intact Animal Tissues.- Physical Consequences of Ultrasound on Plant Tissues and Other Bio-Systems.- Session V: Medical Applications.- The Use of Nonionizing Radiation for Therapeutic Heating.- Ultrasound in Surgery.- Safety of Ultrasound in Diagnosis.- EMC Design Effectiveness in Electronic Medical Prosthetic Devices.- Session VI: Occupational Aspects.- Analysis of Occupational Exposure to Microwave Radiation.- Control of Occupational Exposure to Nonionizing Radiation.- Military Role in Safe Use of Microwaves.- Session VII: Future Applications And Controls.- Prospects for Expansion of Industrial and Consumer Uses of Microwaves.- Solar Power via Satellite.- International Cooperation on Nonionizing Radiation Protection.- Participants.
