o history of endocrinology can be written without reference N to Sir Humphry Davy Rolleston, whose monumental study of the subject appeared in 1936 under the modest subtitle: The Endocrine Organs in Health and Disease with an Historical Review. It was based on the author's Fitzpatrick Lectures at the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1933 and 1934. The lectureship, which dates from 1901, is devoted to the History of Medicine. Rolleston's work as regards scholarship and delivery cannot be surpassed and will remain the solid basis for any further study. It is of interest to note that Rolleston gave the Fitzpatrick Lectures when he was 71 years of age and had his book published when he was 74. By that time he had achieved most of his professional aims and all the honours a distinguished medical career can offer (see Section II). He perceived clearly that endocrinology was "an enormous subject in a most active stage of growth", which "recently has received most valuable help from organic chemists, who have devoted much time to the elucidation of the structure, isolation and synthesis of the hormones".
He remarked that the knowledge of endocrinology was expanding with extreme rapidity, and it has been suggested that in this respect it would appear to be itself influenced by a growth hormone. He continued: "Before 1890 there were comparatively few publications dealing with the ductless glands, but in 1913, A.
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Kluwer Academic Publishers Group
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978-0-85200-245-2 (9780852002452)
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Schweitzer Klassifikation
Section I: The History.- 1 Prehistoric Times.- 2 The Ancient Chinese.- 3 The Egyptians.- 4 The Hindus.- 5 The Jews and the Bible.- 6 The Greeks.- Before Hippocrate.- The age of Hippocrates.- Aristotle.- The Alexandrian school.- 7 The Graeco-Roman Period (156Bc-576Ad).- 8 The Byzantine Period (395-1453Ad).- 9 Evidence of Endocrine Disorders on other Prehistoric and Ancient Communities.- 10 L'envoy to the Ancients.- The oldest key to the endocrine treasure trove: the testicles.- 11 The Mediaeval Scene.- Arabic and Judaeo-Arabic medicine (732-1096AD).- Al-Razi = Rhazes (860-932AD).- Ali ihn Abbas, also a Persian, died in 994AD.- Ibn Sina or Avicenna (980-1037AD).- Other physicians of the Eastern (Baghdad) Caliphate.- Albucasim, called Albucasis (1013-1106AD).- Avenzoar of Cordoba (died 1162AD).- The Rabbi Moses ben Maimon called Moses Maimonides (1135-1204AD).- Abu Mansur Muwaffak Bin Ali Harawi (ca. 970AD).- The Chinese agai.- The barrenness of mediaeval medicine in the Wes.- 12 The 16th Century and the Renaissance.- The Anatomists.- 13 The 17th Century and the Microscopists.- The Microscopists.- 14 The 18th Century and the Beginning of The 19th Century.- Theophile de Bordeu.- Albrecht von Haller.- The thyroid.- Precocious puberty.- The thyroid (continued).- Joseph Lieutaud.- Portal circulations.- The thyroid.- Astley Cooper.- Thomas Wilkinson King.- Astley Cooper (continued).- Diseases of the testes.- Diseases of the breast.- Endemic goitre and cretinism.- The pituitary gland.- Diabetes.- Diabetes insipidus.- Diabetes mellitus.- The thymus.- The adrenals.- The spermatozoa.- Lazzaro Spallanzani.- The ovum.- The discovery of iodine.- Toxic effects of iodine.- Surgical treatment of goitre.- John and William Hunter.- John Hunter and Berthold's transplant experiments.- The effect of removing one ovary.- 'Pigeon's milk' (andprolactin).- An eye-witness account of Hunter's experiments.- Thefreemartin.- 15 The Birth of Endocrinology - Part I.- Berthold.- The year 1855.- The thyroid.- The ovum, the sperm, fertilization and genetics.- The pancreas and parathyroids.- 16 The Birth of Endocrinology - Part II.- Brown-Sequard again and his organotherapy - Murray.- Britain.- America.- The pituitary gland: Pierre Marie and acromegaly, 1886.- Diseases of the pituitary.- More about the pituitary.- Discovery of a specific physiological response to adrenal extract.- On internal secretions.- Hormones.- 17 The Birth of Endocrinology - Part III.- Contraception.- Infertility and the menstrual cycle.- More reproductive physiology.- New syndromes.- 18 The Troubled and Exciting Years of the First Four Decades of the 20th Century - Part I.- The period of the drought and of the crisis.- The position in Britain.- 'Crisis' in Spain.- Reproductive physiology.- Oestrin.- Progesterone.- Androgens.- Ambivalence of sexuality.- The gonadotropins of the anterior pituitary.- Neuro-endocrinology.- Thyroxin(e).- (Sir) Charles Robert Harington.- 19 The First Four Decades of the 20th Century - Part II.- Interlude: Contraception in the 1920s and 1930s.- The story of insulin.- Glucagon.- The constitutional factor.- The adrenal cortex.- The posterior pituitary gland.- The pineal.- The parathyroids.- New syndromes.- 20 The Americans.- Walter Bradford Cannon.- Harvey Williams Cushing.- David Marine.- John Jacob Abel.- Edward Calvin Kendall.- Philip Edward Smith.- Herbert McLean Evans.- Fuller Albright.- Other American endocrinologists.- Discussion on the 'Age of the Pill', the present main method of contraception.- 21 Present Trends and Outlook for the Future - Part I.- General trends and achievements.- Remarks on tests and measurements in some endocrine conditions.- Tests oj thyroid junction.- Investigation of dysfunction of the parathyroid glands.- Disorders of hypothalamus and of the pituitary.- Tests concerning gonadal junction.- Investigating the function of the adrenals.- Tests for aldosterone.- Dysfunction of the adrenal medulla.- Techniques in endocrine research.- Structure of the hormones.- Mechanism of hormonal action.- Immunophysiology and pathology in endocrine disorders.- 22 Present Trends and Outlook for the Future - Part II.- Rhythm in the physiology and pathology of endocrine secretion.- New hormones.- The kidney hormones.- Growth hormone.- Prolactin.- Gut hormones.- Prostaglandins.- Hypothalamic factors and other neurosecretory substances.- Anorexia nervosa.- Interlude - The psychology of teams.- The hormones of the hypothalamus (continued).- 23 Present Trends and Outlook for the Future - Part III.- Occupational endocrinology: Development of a new subspecialty.- Advances in treatment (since 1940).- General considerations.- The thyroid.- The adrenals.- The pituitary gland.- Treatment of infertility due to irreversible blockage of the Fallopian tubes by extracorporeal fertilization.- Diabetes mellitus.- Treatment of diabetes insipidus.- Calcitonin and the treatment of Paget's disease.- Sexual behaviour and the sex hormones.- Section II: Biographies.- Section II: Biographies.- Chronological Tables.- Postscript.- Name Index.
