Challenges and Conceptual Approaches.- Ecosystem Function in Heterogeneous Landscapes.- Causes and Consequences of Spatial Heterogeneity in Ecosystem Function.- The Template: Patterns and Processes of Spatial Variation.- Thoughts on the Generation and Importance of Spatial Heterogeneity in Ecosystems and Landscapes.- Reciprocal Cause and Effect Between Environmental Heterogeneity and Transport Processes.- Perspectives from Different Disciplines.- Population Ecology in Spatially Heterogeneous Environments.- Heterogeneity in Hydrologic Processes: A Terrestrial Hydrologic Modeling Perspective.- Spatial Heterogeneity in Infectious Disease Epidemics.- Spatial Heterogeneity and Its Relation to Processes in the Upper Ocean.- Illustrations of Heterogeneity and Ecosystem Function.- Heterogeneity in Arid and Semiarid Lands.- Formation of Soil-Vegetation Patterns.- Spatial Patterning of Soil Carbon Storage Across Boreal Landscapes.- Heterogeneity in Urban Ecosystems: Patterns and Process.- Origins, Patterns, and Importance of Heterogeneity in Riparian Systems.- Flowpaths as Integrators of Heterogeneity in Streams and Landscapes.- Causes and Consequences of Spatial Heterogeneity in Lakes.- Application of Frameworks and Concepts.- The Importance of Multiscale Spatial Heterogeneity in Wildland Fire Management and Research.- The Role of Spatial Heterogeneity in the Management of Freshwater Resources.- The Roles of Spatial Heterogeneity and Ecological Processes in Conservation Planning.- Synthesis.- Challenges in Understanding the Functions of Ecological Heterogeneity.- Spatial Pattern and Ecosystem Function: Reflections on Current Knowledge and Future Directions.- Spatial Heterogeneity: Past, Present, and Future.- Heterogeneity and Ecosystem Function: Enhancing Ecological Understanding and Applications.- Conceptual Frameworks: Plan for a Half-Built House.