Part 1 General: history of paediatric laparosocopy and thoracoscopy; instrumentation for endoscopic surgery; thermal instrumentation for endoscopic surgery; suturing and knot tying; tissue extraction; anaesthetic management for paediatric laparoscopy and thoracoscopy; perioperative nursing considerations for minimally invasive surgical procedures; basic laparoscopy; basic thoracoscopy in children; training and credentialing. Part 2 Procedures: laparoscopy - appendicitis, cholecystectomy, exploration for trauma, pancreatic pseudocysts, and duodenal hematoma, undescended testicles, varicocelel, adhesiolysis for small bowel obstruction, exploration for intra-abdominal abscess, ventriculo-gallbladder shunts in infants, laparoscopic management of ventribuloperitoneal Shunt/Tenkoff catheter malfunction, ovarian biopsy/oophorectomy, inguinal hernias, pyloromyotomy, fundoplication, tumour staging, brachytherapy, liver biopsy, nephrectomy, splenectomy, bowel resection, vagotomy, abdominal approach, Duhamel pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease, lymph node sampling, staging laparotomy, vesicoureteral reflux, laparoscopy for the jaundiced infant, laparoscopic surgery for rectal prolapse; thoracoscopy - pleural effusion/empyema, pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions or recurrent pneumothoraces, blebectomy, pericardiectomy, mediastinal biopsy, transdiaphragmatic liver biopsy, sympathectomy, vagotomy, lung biopsy, lobectomy, excision of a thoracic mass, bronchogenic cyst, Heller myotomy, ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus, thymectomy, diaphragmatic plication, aortopexy.
