The situation of Muslim populations in a non-Muslim regime - historic and legal thoughts, Bernard Lewis. Immigration in The Netherlands - from pluralism to integration, Han Entzinger, University of Utrecht. Islam and civic rights in The Netherlands, Johannes J G Jansen, University of Leyde and Deutch Institute for Egyptian Archaeology and Arabic Studies, Cairo. Islam in France - religion, ethnic community or social ghetto? Olivier Roy, Senior Researcher in the CNRS and member of the Iranian Laboratory called "Social Sciences of the Contemporary World". The elites of Arabic origin in France, Nadia Rachedi, University of Paris VIII and EHESS. Muslim communities and British society, Charles Husband, University of Bradford. Islamic radicalism and the Gulf War: preachers and political disagreements as far as the Pakistanis of Great Britain are concerned, Pnima Werbner, University of Manchester. Nation, state-nation and politics towards ethnic minorities, Friedrich Heckman, University of Bamberg. The transformation in the families of Turkish immigrants in Germany, Bernard Nauck, Padagogischen Hochschule of Weingarten. Conclusion: communities, ethnic minorities and Muslim citizens, Dominique Schnapper, EHESS.