List of Figures
Symbols and Abbreviations
Introduction
1 State Of The Art: The Influence of French, German, Spanish and Yiddish on the English Lexicon Since 1801
?1?Lexical Borrowing from French Since 1801
?2?Lexical Borrowing from German Since 1801
?3?Lexical Borrowing from Spanish Since 1801
?4?Lexical Borrowing from Yiddish Since 1801
2 Methodology, Data and Terminology
?1?Methodology
?2?Data
?3?Terminology
3 Semantic Fields of French, German, Spanish and Yiddish Borrowings: Their Distribution, Development and Rich Cultural Context
?1?Semantic Fields Influenced by French Since 1801
?2?Semantic Fields Influenced by German Since 1801
?3?Semantic Fields Influenced by Spanish Since 1801
?4?Semantic Fields Influenced by Yiddish Since 1801
4 The Morphological Development of Fairly Common Borrowings
?1?Compounding
?2?Affixation
?3?Conversion
?4?Back-Formation
?5?Clipping
?6?Blending
?7?Summary
5 The Semantic Development of Fairly Common Borrowings
?1?New Concepts (the Need for a New Designation)
?2?Abstract Concepts, Distant and Usually Invisible Referents
?3?Sociocultural Change
?4?Close Conceptual or Factual Relation
?5?Complexity and Irregularity in the Lexicon
?6?Emotionally Marked Concepts
?7?Summary
6 The Contextual Use of Borrowings with a Specific Focus on Informal Language Including Social Media
?1?Pursuit of Prestige and Social Estimation
?2?'Messages' Conveyed by Foreign-Derived Brand Names
?3?Socio-cultural Attitudes and Values
?4?Socio-cultural Reservations, Prejudice and Stereotypes
?5?Sensationalism
?6?Indication of Ethnic Identity and Group Affiliation
?7?Vividness and Variation of Expression in Informal Usage or Slang
?8?Crudity of Expression in Informal Usage or Slang
?9?Summary
7 Summary and Conclusion
?1?The Chronological Distribution of Fairly Common French, German, Spanish and Yiddish Borrowings Since 1801
?2?Schmid's Entrenchment- and Conventionalization Model in the Light of Loan Processes
Appendix A
Appendix B
Bibliography
Index
