All meat has been grass. This statement of the old Greeks is still valid and thus plants contribute to the needs of a growing world popula tion. Their other key role for human life is reflected by their photosynthetic activity. Intensive agriculture reduces the carbon diox ide content of the atmosphere. The improvements of cultivated plants towards stable yields and desired quality characteristics are the sub jects of plant breeding. Here, an introductory picture of the present state of this topic in research and application is given. The senior author, H. Kuckuck, wrote the first edition in 1939 as a small German booklet, hence the nickname little cuckoo (Kuckuck = Engl. cuckoo). During the last 6 years (the fifth German edition appeared in 1985) again numerous results of basic research have found practical application, making extensive additions neces sary. Further, it seemed timely to change to the international language of science: English. For help in translation we are grateful to Silke Kluth and Kathy Seaman. Since agricultural sciences - like all others - have become more specialized, we were happy to welcome D. Baringer (Sect. 5.4), W. Hondelmann (Sects. 4.4, 4.5, and 6), V. Stoy (Sect. 4.2), and T. Thtlioglu (Sects. 2.3.1.4 and 3.5) as contributors to this edition. Finally, we would like to thank Springer-Verlag for all their efforts in helping to transform a small German booklet into a book available to a wider audience.
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Zielgruppe
Für höhere Schule und Studium
Für Beruf und Forschung
Illustrationen
33 s/w Tabellen
66 figures, 33 tables
Maße
Höhe: 23.5 cm
Breite: 15.5 cm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-3-540-52109-9 (9783540521099)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-75392-3
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1 Introduction.- 2 Basic Breeding Methods.- 2.1 Selection Breeding.- 2.1.1 Mass Selection.- 2.1.1.1 Positive and Negative Mass Selection.- 2.1.1.2 Heritability and Response to Selection.- 2.1.1.3 Natural Mass Selection.- 2.1.2 Pedigree Breeding of Self-Fertilizing Crops.- 2.1.3 Pedigree Breeding of Cross-Pollinated Crops.- 2.1.4 Selection in Vegetatively Propagated Crops.- 2.2 Combination Breeding.- 2.2.1 Genetic Bases of Combination Breeding.- 2.2.2 Combination Breeding Procedures.- 2.2.2.1 Combination Breeding of Self-Fertilizing Crops.- 2.2.2.2 Combination Breeding of Cross-Pollinated Crops.- 2.2.3 Haploids in Combination Breeding.- 2.2.4 Limitations of Combination Breeding.- 2.3 Hybrid Breeding.- 2.3.1 Hybrid Breeding of Cross-Pollinated Crops.- 2.3.1.1 Occurrence of Inbreeding and Heterosis.- 2.3.1.2 Production of Inbred Lines.- 2.3.1.3 Testing for Combining Ability.- 2.3.1.4 Seed Production of Hybrid Varieties.- 2.3.2 Hybrid Breeding of Self-Fertilizing Species.- 2.4 Synthetic Varieties.- 2.5 Cited and Recommended Literature for Chapter 2.- 3 Special Breeding and Selection Techniques.- 3.1 Production and Use of Mutants.- 3.1.1 Point Mutations.- 3.1.2 Structural Changes in Chromosomes.- 3.1.3 Polyploid Forms.- 3.1.4 Variability in Cell and Tissue Culture.- 3.2 Use of Periclinal Chimeras.- 3.3 Selection Breeding in Apomicts.- 3.4 Production and Use of Haploids.- 3.4.1 Parthenogenesis.- 3.4.2 Androgenesis.- 3.4.3 Haploid Steps in Breeding Programs.- 3.4.3.1 Complex Use of Haploids.- 3.5 Sex Inheritance and Its Consequences for Plant Breeding.- 3.6 Other Forms of Genome and Gene Combinations.- 3.6.1 Sexual Interspecific and Intergeneric Hybrids.- 3.6.2 Protoplasts and Somatic Hybridization.- 3.6.3 Gene Transfer.- 3.7 Special Selection Procedures.- 3.7.1 Early Selection in Vivo.- 3.7.2 Selection in Vitro.- 3.7.3 Use of Molecular Markers.- 3.8 Cited and Recommended Literature for Chapter 3.- 4 Plant Breeding and Plant Production.- 4.1 Plant Breeding and Farming Systems.- 4.2 Plant Breeding and Plant Physiology.- 4.2.1 Biomass Production.- 4.2.2 Photosynthesis.- 4.2.3 Respiration.- 4.2.3.1 Photorespiration.- 4.2.3.2 Dark Respiration.- 4.2.4 Uptake and Use of Nutrients from the Soil.- 4.2.5 Nitrogen Fixation.- 4.2.6 Water Stress.- 4.2.7 Temperature Stress.- 4.2.8 Salinity Stress and pH Stress.- 4.2.9 Photoperiodic and Vernalization Requirement.- 4.3 Plant Breeding and Plant Pathology.- 4.3.1 Pathogen Diagnoses.- 4.3.2 Breeding for Disease Resistances.- 4.3.3 Epidemiology.- 4.3.4 Strategies for Durable Resistance.- 4.4 Breeding of Industrial Crop Species.- 4.5 Plant Breeding for Developing Countries.- 4.6 Cited and Recommended Literature for Chapter 4.- 5 The Plant Breeding Station.- 5.1 Tools for Plant Breeding.- 5.1.1 Mechanization.- 5.1.2 Trial Design.- 5.1.3 Evaluation and Documentation.- 5.2 Classical Maintenance Breeding.- 5.3 New Forms of Maintenance Breeding.- 5.3.1 Rapid Propagation.- 5.3.2 Meristem Culture.- 5.3.3 Artificial Seeds.- 5.3.4 Long-Term Storage.- 5.4 Plant Breeders Rights, Variety Listing and Seed Control Systems.- 5.5 Cited and Recommended Literature for Chapter 5.- 6 Safeguarding and Utilization of Natural Genetic Diversity.- 6.1 Genetic Vulnerability of Crop Plants.- 6.2 Landraces and Wild Species.- 6.3 Centers of Diversity.- 6.4 Genetic Conservation.- 6.5 Cited and Recommended Literature for Chapter 6.
