Fear No Pharaoh

Since ancient times, the Jewish people have recalled the story of Exodus and reflected on the implications of having been slaves. Did the tradition teach that Jews should act against slavery everywhere, or act cautiously to protect themselves in a hostile world, or both?

In Fear No Pharaoh, the journalist and historian Richard Kreitner sets this question at the heart of the Civil War era. Using original sources, he tells the intertwined stories of six American Jews who helped to shape a tumultuous time, including Judah P. Benjamin, the slavery skeptic who became Jefferson Davis's trusted confidante; Morris Raphall, a Swedish-born rabbi who defended the practice of slavery as biblically justified; and Raphall's rival rabbis - the celebrated Isaac Mayer Wise, who urged Jews to stay out of the slavery controversy to avoid attracting attention, and David Einhorn, whose fiery abolitionism led a pro-slavery mob to threaten his life. We also meet August Bondi, a Yiddish-speaking veteran of Europe's 1848 revolutions, who fought with John Brown in "bleeding Kansas," and the Polish emigre Ernestine Rose, a brilliant feminist, atheist, and abolitionist who championed "emancipation of all kinds."

As he tracks these characters, Kreitner illuminates the shifting dynamics of Jewish life in America - and the debates about religion, morality, and politics that endure to this day.