Chemical Thermodynamics

Mathematical preparation for thermodynamics; the first law of thermodynamics; enthalpy, enthalpy of reaction, and heat capacity; application of the first law to gases; the second law of thermodynamics; equilibrium and spontaneity for systems at constant temperature - the Gibbs, Helmholtz, Planck, and Massieu functions; application of the Gibbs function and the Planck function to some phase changes; the third law of thermodynamics; application of the Gibbs function and the Planck function to chemical changes; thermodynamics of systems of variable composition; mixtures of gases; the phase rule; the ideal solution; dilute solutions of nonelectrolyte; activities, excess Gibbs function, and standard states for nonelectrolytes; determination of nonelectrolyte activities and excess Gibbs function from experimental data; calculation of partial molar quantities and excess molar quantities from experimental data: volume and enthalpy; activity, activity coefficients, and osmotic coefficients of strong electrolytes; changes in Gibbs function for processes involving solutions; systems subject to a gravitational field; estimation of thermodynamic quantities; practical mathematical techniques; concluding remarks.