Part 1 Introduction: biopsy methods; handling of biopsies; clinico-pathological liaison. Part 2 Normal skin: epidermis and basement membrane; dermis; blood vessels, lymphatics and skin-associated lymphoid tissue; hair follicles; sweat glands; nerves. Part 3 Glossary and strategy for reporting biopsies: glossary; biopsy methods and the dermatologist's point of view; strategy for reporting biopsies. Part 4 Eczematous, psoriasiform and lichenoid reactions: eczematous reactions; psoriasiform reactions; lichenoid reactions. Part 5 Benign and malignant lymphoid infiltrates: lupus erythematosis; pityriasis lichenoides acuta; pityriasis lichenoides chronica; pityriasis rubra pilaris; lymphocytoma cutis; mycosis fungoides; lymphomatoid papulosis; Woringer-Kolopp disease. Part 6 Vesiculo-bullous diseases: pemphigus; pemphigoid; epidermolysis bullosa acquisita; dermatitis herpetiformis; herpes gestationis; chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood (linear IgA disease). Part 7 Infectious and non-infectious granulomas: mono-nuclear cell granulomas; mixed cell granulomas; palisading granulomas; histiocytic granulomas; leishmaniasis, leprosy and other tropical granulomas. Part 8 Vasculitis: leucocytoplastic; nectrotizing; granuloma faciale; cryoglobulinaemia; pigmented purpuric eruptions. Part 9 Panniculitis: differential diagnosis; specific types. Part 10 Viral dermatosis: warts; molluscum contagiosum; herpes. Part 11 Metabolic skin diseases: scleroderma; lichen sclerosus et atrophicus; reactive perforating collagenosis; chondrodermatitis nodularis. Part 12 Epidermal tumours: basal cell carcinoma; keratosis and Bowen's disease; squamous cell carcinoma. Part 13 Adnexal and dermal tumours: sweat glands tumour; hair follicle tumours; neuroendocrine carcinoma; vascular tumours; mesenchymal tumours; cutaneous metastases. Part 14 Melanocytic tumours: naevi; dysplastic naevi; melanoma; desmoplastic/neurotropic melanoma. Part 15 Therapeutic options: topical creams; tablets; puva; chemotherapy; surgery. Part 16 Conclusions: dermatitis artefacta.