Part 1. Conceptualizing Human Sexuality and Sexual Behavior CHAPTER 1. Sexuality and an Emerging Psychology 1.1. Richard von Krafft-Ebing, from Psychopathia Sexualis, trans. Franklin S. Kaf "The sublimest virtues, even the sacrifice of self, may spring from sexual life, which, however, on account of its sensual power, may easily degenerate into the lowest passion and basest vice." 1.2. Sigmund Freud, from "The Sexual Enlightenment of Children," in Ernest Jones, ed., The Collected Papers of Sigmund Freud, vol. 2 "The intellectual interest of a child in the riddle of sexual life, his desire for knowledge, finds expression at an earlier period of life than is usually suspected." 1.3. Havelock Ellis, from Studies in the Psychology of Sex, vol. 1, 3rd ed. "[M]asturbation is but a specialized form of a tendency which in some form or in some degree normally affects not only man, but all the higher animals." CHAPTER 2. Breakthroughs in Understanding Sexuality 2.1. Alfred C. Kinsey, Wardell B. Pomeroy, and Clyde E. Martin, from Sexual Behavior in the Human Male "It is obvious that the failure to learn more about human sexual activity is the outcome of the influence which the custom and the law have had upon scientists as individuals, and of the not immaterial restrictions which have been imposed upon scientific investigations in this field." 2.2. Alfred C. Kinsey et al., from Sexual Behavior in the Human Female "All of these youth, the great lovers of history, would be looked upon as immature adolescents and identified as juvenile delinquents if they were living today." 2.3. William H. Masters and Virginia E. Johnson, from Human Sexual Response "The current study of human sexual response has been designed to create a foundation of basic scientific information from which definitive answers can be developed to these multifaceted problems." CHAPTER 3. Mechanisms of Sexual Arousal 3.1. Erick Janssen and Walter Everaerd, from "Determinants of Male Sexual Arousal," Annual Review of Sex Research "Sexual arousal may! be described as a response to stimuli that have been ascribed sexual meaning." 3.2. Ellen Laan and Walter Everaerd, from "Determinants of Female Sexual Arousal: Psychophysiological Theory and Data," Annual Review of Sex Research "In our perspective, sexual arousal cannot be defined adequately without subjective experience that determines the response to a given stimulus as sexual." CHAPTER 4. The Social Contexts of Sexual Conduct 4.1. John H. Gagnon and William Simon, from Sexual Conduct: The Social Sources of Human Sexuality "Our concern here is to understand sexual activities of all kinds! as the outcome of a complex psychosocial process of development, and it is only because they are embedded in social scripts that the physical acts themselves become possible." 4.2. Samuel S. Janus and Cynthia L. Janus, from The Janus Report on Sexual Behavior "Especially in regard to sexuality, our most personal and private sphere, each of us likes to believe that our experiences are unique and are an integral part of our personalities." 4.3. Robert T. Michael et al., Sex in America: A Definitive Survey "Now, with an understanding of what the data can and cannot tell us, and with reliable data in hand, we can begin to understand how society shapes our sexual behavior." Part 2. Probing the Nuances of Gender CHAPTER 5. The Concepts of Gender Identity and Gender Role 5.1. John Money and Patricia Tucker, from Sexual Signatures: On Being a Man or a Woman "The fact is that there are not two roads, but one road with a number of forks where each of us turns in either the male or the female direction." 5.2. Robert J. Stoller, from Presentations of Gender "I told 'her' to become a boy. 'She' did. From that day on, I was with a boy." 5.3. Florence L. Geis, from "Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: A Social Psychological View of Gender," in Anne E. Beall and Robert J. Sternberg, eds., The Psychology of Gender "From the social psychological perspective, gender beliefs and behavior can be understood as an overall self-fulfilling prophecy consisting of a cluster of related and mutually reinforcing specific self-fulfilling prophecies." CHAPTER 6. Liberation from Gender Stereotypes 6.1. Betty Friedan, from The Feminine Mystique "We can no longer ignore that voice within women that says: 'I want something more than my husband and my children and my home.'" 6.2. Warren Farrell, from The Liberated Man: Beyond Masculinity: Freeing Men and Their Relationships With Women "Men's involvement in breaking out of the strait jacket of sex roles is essential because of the way it confines men at the same time as it confines women." 6.3. Naomi B. McCormick, from "Our Feminist Future: Women Affirming Sexuality Research in the Late Twentieth Century," Journal of Sex Research "Feminist sexologists also study sexual pleasure, promote sex-positive attitudes, and affirm positive benefits to women from sex work and erotica." Part 3. Sexual Orientation and Its Origins CHAPTER 7. Destigmatizing Same-Gender Sexual Orientation 7.1. Evelyn Hooker, from "Reflections of a 40-Year Exploration: A Scientific View on Homosexuality," American Psychologist "[T]here are many images of love in the gay world. I have the conviction that without love, the gay world would perish." 7.2. Judd Marmor, from "Homosexuality," in Mary S. Calderone, ed., Sexuality and Human Values "In the majority of human societies homosexuality actually has an acceptable place and is regarded with abhorrence or abjured in only about one third of them." 7.3. Alan P. Bell, Martin S. Weinberg, and Sue Kiefer Hammersmith, from Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women "These findings suggest, then, that some of the popular notions about how homosexuality develops are not generally applicable, while others are, but to a lesser extent than has been thought." 7.4. Stephanie A. Sanders, June Machover Reinisch, and David P. McWhirter, from "Homosexuality/Heterosexuality: An Overview," in David P. McWhirter, Stephanie A. Sanders, and June Machover Reinisch, eds., Homosexuality/Heterosexuality: Concepts of Sexual Orientation "Sexual orientation is multidimensional in its essence, and its development is affected by many factors." CHAPTER 8. Rebalancing the Nature-Nurture Equation 8.1. Simon LeVay and Dean H. Hamer, from "Evidence for a Biological Influence in Male Homosexuality," Scientific American "We believe scientific research can help dispel some of the myths about homosexuality that in the past have clouded the image of lesbians and gay men." 8.2. William Byne, from "The Biological Evidence Challenged," Scientific American "Most of the links in the chain of reasoning from biology to sexual orientation and social policy do not hold up under scrutiny." Part 4. Relationships and Sexual Pleasure CHAPTER 9. Legitimizing Sexual Pleasure 9.1. Th. H. van de Velde, from Ideal Marriage: Its Physiology and Technique, trans. Stella Browne "Love-play reaches its maximum in contact with the external sexual organs: for only these external organs are normally in question at this stage of the love-drama." 9.2. Alex Comfort, from The Joy of Sex: A Cordon Bleu Guide to Lovemaking "This book is about love as well as sex as the title implies: you don't get high quality sex on any other basis--either you love each other before you come to want it, or, if you happen to get it, you love each other because of it, or both." 9.3. Lonnie Garfield Barbach, from For Yourself: The Fulfillment of Female Sexuality "You deserve pleasure, but pleasure may be a hard thing to allow yourself to take." CHAPTER 10. The Bonding Process: Loving and Mating 10.1. Robert J. Sternberg, from "A Triangular Theory of Love," Psychological Review "This tripartite theory deals both with the nature of love and with loves in various kinds of relationships." 10.2. Stephen B. Levine, from "'Love' and the Mental Health Professions: Toward Understanding Adult Love," Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy "I consider an understanding about the nature of love to be vitally important." 10.3. David M. Buss, from "The Strategies of Human Mating," American Scientist "Sexual-strategies theory holds that patterns in mating behavior exist because they are evolutionarily advantageous." CHAPTER 11. The Contraception Revolution 11.1. Margaret Sanger, from Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography "Suggestions as to what to do for a girl who was 'in trouble' or a married woman who was 'caught' passed from mouth to mouth--herb teas, turpentine, steaming, rolling downstairs, inserting slippery elm, knitting needles, shoe-hooks." 11.2. Robert A. Hatcher et al., from Contraceptive Technology, 17th ed. "Users themselves should make the decisions about the contraceptives they select, taking into consideration the feelings and attitudes of their partners." CHAPTER 12. The Emergence of Sex Therapy 12.1. William H. Masters and Virginia E. Johnson, from Human Sexual Inadequacy "[T]here is no such thing as an uninvolved partner in any marriage in which there is some form of sexual inadequacy." 12.2. Helen Singer Kaplan, from The New Sex Therapy "Both clinical observation and common sense support the validity of limited goals and the task-specific intervention approach of sex therapy." Part 5. Sexuality, Culture, and Social Policy CHAPTER 13. Confronting Erotocentricity 13.1. Margaret Mead, from Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilisation "In matters of sex the ten-year-olds are equally sophisticated, although they witness sex activities only surreptitiously, since all expressions of affection are rigorously barred in public." 13.2. Clellan S. Ford and Frank A. Beach, from Patterns of Sexual Behavior "Social learning and experience powerfully affect the extent to which a man or woman adopts and enjoys a passive or an active role in the sexual relationship." 13.3. Donald S. Marshall, from "Sexual Behavior on Mangaia," in Donald S. Marshall and Robert C. Suggs, eds., Human Sexual Behavior: Variations in the Ethnographic Spectrum "This selection describes some present and past patterns of the sexual behavior of Polynesian inhabitants of Mangaia, a southern Cook Island in central Polynesia, the South Pacific." 13.4. John C. Messenger, from "Sex and Repression in an Irish Folk Community," in Donald S. Marshall and Robert C. Suggs, eds., Human Sexual Behavior: Variations in the Ethnographic Spectrum "Our study revealed that male masturbation in Inis Beag seemed to be common, premarital coitus unknown, and marital copulation limited as to foreplay and the manner of consummation." CHAPTER 14. Sexually Explicit Materials and Their Regulation 14.1. Michael J. McManus, from Final Report of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography "Anyone who studies the Report will become equipped to be an effective advocate for enforcement of existing laws against hard core pornography and child pornography." 14.2. Clive M. Davis and Robert Bauserman, from "Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials: An Attitude Change Perspective," Annual Review of Sex Research "Sexually aroused individuals who react with positive affect to the SEM and who hold more positive inclinations toward masturbation or have a regularly available partner with whom to engage in sexual interaction are more likely to engage in masturbation or a predominant interpersonal sexual behavior." 14.3. Sandra Risa Leiblum, from "Sex and the Net: Clinical Implications," Journal of Sex Education and Therapy "Equally compelling is the fact that netsex can be pursued any time of day or night--the store never closes, and every variety of sexual interest can be cultivated." CHAPTER 15. Sexuality Education 15.1. Mary S. Calderone and Eric W. Johnson, from The Family Book About Sexuality "There are! a number of reasons why today it is widely considered beneficial to children to have available a sex information program outside the home, not to replace but in addition to home teachings." 15.2. Debra W. Haffner, from "Facing Facts: Sexual Health for America's Adolescents: The Report of the National Commission on Adolescent Sexual Health," SIECUS Report "The public debate about adolescent sexuality has often focused on which sexual behaviors are appropriate for adolescents, and ignored the complex dimensions of sexuality." 15.3. Kelly L. Nelson, from "The Conflict Over Sexuality Education: Interviews With Participants on Both Sides of the Debate," SIECUS Report "The work of both groups stems not only from their desire to promote specific sexual ideologies and societal visions but also from their perception that the opposition represents a crucial component in a hostile and encroaching political movement." CHAPTER 16. Sexuality and Disease: Making Sex Safer 16.1. Committee on Prevention and Control of STDs, from "The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases," SIECUS Report "Public awareness and knowledge regarding STDs are dangerously low, but there has not been a comprehensive national public education campaign to address this deficiency." 16.2. Sarah R. Phillips, from "Turning Research into Policy: A Survey on Adolescent Condom Use," SIECUS Report "Talking about sexual desire and pleasure does not mean that educators are encouraging sexual activity."
