Preface: Jungback, C.; Session I:; Use of the 3R Approach for Potency (1); Introduction: History, Approaches, Legal Situation and Political Pressure, Outlook, Expectations: Spieser, J.-M.; Recent Progress and Future Directions for Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement of Animal Use in Veterinary Vaccine Potency and Safety Testing: A Report from the 2010 NICEATM ICCVAM International Vaccine Workshop: Stokes, W.S.; Kulpa-Eddy, J.; Brown, K.; Srinivas, G.; McFarland, R.; Potency Testing of Inactivated Rabies Vaccines Using a Serological Method: Kamphuis, E.; Kramer, B.; Schildger, H.; Duchow, K.; Potency Testing of Veterinary Rabies Vaccines: Replacement of Challenge by in Vitro Testing: Considerations for Development of Alternative Assays: Lewis, C.E.; Fry, J.R.; Hermann, J.R.; Siev, D.; Dusek, D.M.; Gatewood, D.M.; Session II:; Use of the 3R Approach for Potency (2); Towards in Vitro Potency Testing of Inactivated Erysipelas Vaccines: Balks, E.; Wolf, C.; Loessner, H.; Werner, E.; Testing of Veterinary Clostridial Vaccines: From Mouse to Microtitre Plate: Redhead, K.; Wood, K.; Jackson, K.; The Quantitative ELISA for Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Antigen: Development of the Test System and the Way to a Ph. Eur in Vitro Potency Test: Oei, H.L.; The Quantitative ELISA for Inactivated Newcastle Antigen: Experience Report From an OMCL: Motitschke, A.; Jungback, C.; Session III:; In Vivo / in Vitro, a Critical Analysis; The Validation of Potency Tests: Hurdles Identified by EMA/CVMP/IWP: Woodland, R.; In Vitro Vaccine Potency Testing: A Proposal for Reducing Animal Use for Requalification Testing: Brown, K.; Stokes, W.S.; In Vitro Antigen Measurement and Potency Tests: Challenges Encountered During Method Development... and Lessons Learned: Kubiak, V.; In Vitro Potency Tests: Challenges Encountered During Method Development: Yomayuza, C.; Thiel, H.J.; Konig, M.; Successful Development and Validation of an in Vitro Replacement Assay for Leptospira Vaccine Potency Tests: Kulpa-Eddy, J.; AlphaLISA[registered] Assays to Improve the Vaccine Development Process: Cosentino, G.; Session IV:; Consistency as an Alternative to Potency; Consistency as Tool to Support in Vitro Batch Potency Testing in GMP Production: Stirling, C.; Consistency as an Alternative to Potency Testing: Duchow, K.; Human Adenovirus-Vectored Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines: Establishment of a Vaccine Product ProfileThrough in Vitro Testing: Brake, D.; McIlhaney, M.; Miller, T.; Christianson, K.; Keene, A.; Lohnas, G.; Purcell, C.; Neilan, J.; Schutta, C.; Barrera, J.; Burrage, T.; Brough, D.E.; Butman, B.T.; Potenial Application of the Consitency Approach for Vaccine Potency Testing: Arciniega, J.; Sirota, L.A.; Appropriateness of in Vitro Potency Tests or Consistency Tests for Vaccine Stability Studies: Pfannenstiel, M.A.; Inman, M.; Workshop Summary; Workshop presentations not in this publication; Participants; Index of Authors; Developments in Biological Standardization; Developments in Biologicals.