Background - the reasons for the development of the UPA score; development of the score - the analytical and political process; values of the UPA score; wards, districts, countries; changes between censuses; variation between small area and larger area deprivation scores; validation of the UPA score; general practitioners' opinions, patients' opinions (The Nottingham Health Profile); the association with morbidity and mortality; standardized mortality ratios, infant and perinatal mortality rates and morbidity (limited long-standing illness); implementation of deprivation payments using the UPA score - practical details; other area composite deprivation indices and individual deprivation variables; possible alternatives to the UPA score; future developments.
