Migration and trade in Lower Zambezia - the case of the Yao States; colonial occupation in Lower Zambezia - effect on Milange and the hinterland; British and Portuguese rivalry in Milange - crisis, resistance and dissolution of the Southern Yao States, 1885-1906; free trade and the commoditization of peasant agricultural production 1870-92; "Musokho", accumulation and famine, 1870-1914; "Musokho" and peasants anti-colonial uprisings, 1870-1900; capitalist rivalries, monopolies and the colonial state, 1890-1920.