Catalytic Process Development for Renewable Materials

THE NEXT FEEDSTOCK TRANSITION

PREFACE

THE INDUSTRIAL PLAYING FIELD FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO RENEWABLE FUELS AND CHEMICALS
Introduction
The Renewables Arena
Renewable Fuels
Renewable Chemicals
Conclusions

SELECTING TARGETS
Introduction
Target Selection Can Focus on Specific Structures or General Technologies
Previous Selection Efforts
Corroboration of the Value of Screening Studies
The Importance of Outcomes and Comparisons of Outcomes
Evaluation Processes Can be Comprised of a Variety of Criteria
Catalysis Aspects
Conclusions

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATALYTIC PROCESSES FROM TERPENES TO CHEMICALS
Introduction
Strain Engineering for the Production of Terpenes
Terpene Building Blocks of Commercial Interest
Sesquiterpenes as Chemical Building Blocks: ß-Farnesene
Polymers
Lubricants
Conclusions

FURAN-BASED BUILDING BLOCKS FROM CARBOHYDRATES
Importance of Furans as Building Blocks
Sources of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate Dehydration
Conclusions and Further Perspectives

A WORKFLOW FOR PROCESS DESIGN - USING PARALLEL REACTOR EQUIPMENT BEYOND SCREENING
Introduction
The Evolution of Parallel Reactor Equipment
The Evolution of Research Methodology - Conceptual Process Design
Essential Workflow Elements
Other Examples of Parallel Reactor Equipment Applied Beyond Screening - Long-Term Catalyst Performance
Concluding Remarks

BRASKEM'S ETHANOL TO POLYETHYLENE PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
Introduction
Ethanol and Brazil
Commercial Plants for Ethanol Dehydration
Legislation and Certification
Process Description
Polymerization
Conclusion

FATS AND OILS AS RAW MATERIAL FOR THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Introduction - Setting the Scene, Definitions
Why Fats and Oils Need Catalytic Transformation
Catalytic Process Development - Conceptual
Fatty Alcohols: Then and Now, a Case Study
Conclusion and Outlook: Development Challenges for the Future

PRODUCTION OF AROMATIC CHEMICALS FROM BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK
Introduction
Chemical Routes to Aromatic Chemicals from Biomass
Biological Routes to Specific Aromatic Chemicals
Lignin - The Last Frontier
Considerations for Scale-Up and Commercialization
Conclusion

ORGANOSOLV BIOREFI NING: CREATING HIGHER VALUE FROM BIOMASS
Introduction
Concepts and Principles of Biorefinery Technologies
Catalytic Processes Employed in Biorefining
An Organosolv Biorefinery Process for High-Value Products
Conclusions

BIOMASS-TO-LIQUIDS BY THE FISCHER - TROPSCH PROCESS
Basics of Fischer - Tropsch Chemistry and BTL
Cobalt Fischer - Tropsch Catalysis
Fischer - Tropsch Reactors
Biomass Pretreatment and Gasification
Biomass-to-Liquids Process Concepts
BTL Pilot and Demonstration Plants
XTL Energy and Carbon Efficiencies
BTL Summary and Outlook

CATALYTIC TRANSFORMATION OF EXTRACTIVES
Introduction
Fine and Special Chemicals from Crude Tall Oil Compounds
Fine and Special Chemicals from Turpentine Compounds
Conclusions
Acknowledgment

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF NOVEL CATALYTIC PROCESSES BASED ON RENEWABLE RAW MATERIALS - CASE STUDY FOR FURANICS
Introduction
Energy Savings by Catalytic Processes
LCA Methodology
Case Study: Energy Analysis and GHG Balance of Polyethylene Furandicarboxylate (PEF) as a Potential Replacement for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Discussion and Conclusions

CARBON DIOXIDE: A VALUABLE SOURCE OF CARBON FOR CHEMICALS, FUELS AND MATERIALS
Introduction
The Conditions for Industrial Use of CO2
Carbon Dioxide Conversion
Energy Products from CO2
Production of Inorganic Carbonates
Enhanced Fixation of CO2 into Aquatic Biomass
Conclusion and Future Outlook

INDEX