Early Years in Machine Translation

1. Preface; 2. Common abbreviations; 3. Acknowledgements. Cyrillic transliteration; 4. The first decades of machine translation: overview, chronology, sources (by Hutchins, W. John); 5. Warren Weaver and the launching of MT: brief biographical note (by Hutchins, W. John); 6. Erwin Reifler and machine translation at the University of Washington (by Micklesen, Lew. R.); 7. Early research at M.I.T.: in search of adequate theory (by Yngve, Victor H.); 8. Machine translation at Harvard (by Oettinger, Anthony G.); 9. The Georgetown project and Leon Dostert: recollections of a young assistant (by Vasconcellos, Muriel); 10. Is FAHQ(M)T possible? Memories of Paul L. garvin and other MT colleagues (by Montgomery, Christine A.); 11. The early days of GAT-SLC (by Zarechnak, Michael); 12. Machine translation: just a question of finding the right programming language? (by Brown, Antony F.R.); 13. From Serna to Systran (by Toma, Peter); 14. My early years in machine translation (by Lehmann, Winfred P.); 15. David G. Hays (by Kay, Martin); 16. Gilbert W. King and the USAF Translator (by Hutchins, W. John); 17. Translation and the structure of language (by Lamb, Sydney M.); 18. Pioneering MT in the Soviet Union (by Kulagina, Olga S.); 19. Machine translation and formal linguistics in the USSR (by Mel'cuk, Igor); 20. My memoirs of MT in the Soviet Union (by Molosnaja, Tat'jana N.); 21. MT in the former USSR and in the Newly Independent States (NIS): pre-history, Romantic era, prosaic time (by Piotrovskij, Raimund G.); 22. Machine translation: early years in the USSR (by Marcuk, Jurij N.); 23. The beginnings of MT (by Booth, Andrew D.); 24. R.H. Richens: translation in the NUDe (by Jones, Karen Sparck); 25. Margaret Masterman (by Wilks, Yorick); 26. Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: a philosopher's contribution to machine translation (by Hutchins, W. John); 27. Silvio Ceccato and the correlational grammar (by Glasersfeld, Ernst von); 28. Early MT in France (by Gross, Maurice); 29. Bernard Vauquois' contribution to the theory and practice of building MT systems: a historical perspective (by Boitet, Christian); 30. Pioneer work in machine translation in Czechoslovakia (by Kirschner, Zdenek); 31. Alexander Ljudskanov (by Paskaleva, Elena); 32. Memoirs of a survivor (by Wada, Hiroshi); 33. Index of names; 34. Index of subjects; 35. Locations of photographs; 36. Participants at US conferences; 37. Weaver, Reifler, Yngve, Oettinger; 38. Dostert, Garvin, Zarechnak, Toma; 39. Brown, Lehmann, Lamb; 40. Participants at USSR conference; Mel'c uk, Molosnaja, Reformatskij; 41. Marcuk, Piotrowski, Booth; 42. Richens, Masterman, Ceccato; 43. Sgall, Wada, Vauquois