Forest Mensuration

Preface.1 Introduction.1-1. Role of Forest Mensuration in Forest Management.1-2. Forest Mensuration as a Tool for Monitoring Forests.2 Principles of Measurement.2-1. Scales of Measurement.2-2. Units of Measurement.2-3. Systems of Measurement.2-4. Variables.2-5. Precision, Accuracy, and Bias.2-6. Signi.cant Digits and Rounding O.2-7. Data Summary and Presentation.2-8. Fundamental Measurements.3 Basic Statistical Concepts.3-1. Descriptive Statistics.3-2. Frequency Distributions.3-3. Measures of Central Tendency.3-4. Measures of Dispersion.3-5. Sampling Error.3-6. Sample Size Determination.3-7. Estimation of Totals.3-8. Regression and Correlation.3-9. Hypothesis Testing.4 Land Area Determination.4-1. Land Distance and Area Units.4-2. Measuring Distances.4-3. Measuring Area in the Field.4-4. Measuring Area Using Maps and Photos.4-5. Determination of Photo Scale.4-6. Determination of Direction Using a Compass.4-7. U.S. Public Land Surveys.4-8. Global Positioning Systems.4-9. Geographic Information Systems.5 Individual Tree Parameters.5-1. Age.5-2. Tree Diameters and Areas.5-3. Height.5-4. Form.5-5. Crown Parameters.6 Determination of Tree Volume.6-1. Determination of Cubic Volume.6-2. Volume Tables.6-3. Construction of Volume Tables.6-4. Volume Distribution in Trees.7 Determination of Tree Weight.7-1. Factors In.uencing Wood Weight Estimates.7-2. Tree Weight Relationships.8 Stand Parameters.8-1. Age.8-2. Species Composition.8-3. Diameter.8-4. Height.8-5. Density and Stocking.8-6. Volume and Weight.8-7. Site Quality.9 Measurement of Primary Forest Products.9-1. Units of Measurement.9-2. Log Rules.9-3. Board-Foot Log Rules.9-4. Cubic-Volume Log Rules.9-5. Log Scaling.9-6. Scaling Stacked Volume.9-7. Volume Unit Conversion.9-8. Scaling by Weight.10 Nontimber Forest Vegetation Parameters.10-1. Understory Vegetation.10-2. Woody Detritus.10-3. Forest Vegetation for Wildlife Management.10-4. Forest Biomass.10-5. Carbon Content.11 Sampling Units for Estimating Parameters.11-1. The Factor Concept.11-2. Fixed-Area Plots.11-3. Sampling Units with Variable Probability.11-4. Distance-Based Sampling Units.11-5. Selecting Appropriate Sampling Units.12 Forest Inventory.12-1. Timber Estimation.12-2. Nontimber Estimation.12-3. Inventory Planning.12-4. Forest Inventory Design.12-5. Inventory Fieldwork.12-6. Calculation and Compilation.13 Sampling Designs in Forest Inventories.13-1. Basic Considerations.13-2. Simple Random Sampling.13-3. Ratio and Regression Sampling.13-4. Cluster Sampling.13-5. Strati.ed Random Sampling.13-6. Multistage Sampling.13-7. Double Sampling.13-8. Nonrandom Sampling.13-9. Repeated Sampling in Forest Inventory.14 Inventory Using Sampling with Varying Probability.14-1. Horizontal Point Sampling.14-2. List Sampling.14-3. 3P Sampling.15 Growth of the Tree.15-1. Growth Curves.15-2. Height and Diameter Growth.15-3. Determination of Diameter Growth from Increment Cores.15-4. Stem Analysis.15-5. Areal and Volume Growth.15-6. E.ects of Environmental Factors on Growth.15-7. Growth Percentage.16 Stand Growth and Yield.16-1. Elements of Stand Growth.16-2. Growth and Yield Models.16-3. Using Stand Growth and Yield Models.16-4. Assessing Stand Growth and Yield in Forest Inventories.Appendix.References.Index.