Functional Bladder Reconstruction Following Spinal Cord Injury via Neural Approaches

An overview of traumatic spinal cord injury.- Clinical anatomy of cauda equina and lumbosacral nerve root.- Classification of and Treatment Principles for Bladder Dysfunction Caused by Spinal Cord Injury.- Pathological changes in the detrusor after spinal cord injury.- Microstructural study of the detrusor muscle after repair of atonic bladders caused by injury to the medullary cone in rats.- Selective sacral rhizotomy: introducing a simple intraoperative manometric method.- Reconstruction of bladder innervation below the level of spinal cord injury for inducing urination by Achilles tendon -to - bladder reflex contractions.- Reconstruction of bladder innervation above the level of spinal cord injury for inducing urination by abdomen-to-bladder reflex contractions.- Reconstruction of afferent and efferent nerve pathways of the atonic bladder.- Transfer of normal lumbosacral nerve roots to reinnervate atonic bladder.- Electrical stimulated micturition: Sacral Anterior Root Stimulator+Sacral deafferentation.