1 History of models in ethology; 2 the evolution of animal-like mobile robots; 3 sensory processes and orientation; case study 1 - how robotic lobsters locate odour sources in turbulent water, Frank Grasso; case study 2 - robotic experiments on cricket phonotaxis, Barbara Webb; case study 3 - gathering and sorting in insects and robots, Owen Holland; 4 motor coordination; case study 4 - how frogs groom, Simon Giszter; case study 5 - robotic experiments on insect walking, Holk Cruse; case study 6 - building a robotic lobster, Joseph Ayers; 5 motivation and learning; case study 7 - neural nets and robots based upon classical ethology, Janet Halperin; case study 8 - robotic experiments on rat instrumental learning, Emmet Spier; case study 9 - robotic experiments on complexity and cognition, Brendan McGonigle; 6 why robots?