Preface
Symbols and abbreviations used in the text
Introduction
0.1 Some advice for the beginner
0.2 Similarities between Swedish and English
0.2.1 Vocabulary
0.2.2 Grammar
Chapter 1 Pronunciation
1.1 Vowels
1.1.1 Stressed vowels and their pronunciation
1.1.2 Pronunciation of unstressed vowels
1.1.3 Vowel length
1.1.4 Syllable length
1.2 Consonants and consonant groups
1.2.1 s, z, c, sc
1.2.2 j, gj, dj, hj, lj
1.2.3 r, t, l, x, w
1.2.4 g, k, sk
1.2.5 ng, gn, kn, mn
1.2.6 rs, rd, rt, rn, rl
1.2.7 Omitting -d, -g, -t, -k, -l
1.2.8 Omitting -e
1.2.9 Voiced consonants pronounced unvoiced before -s, -t
1.2.10 Complete assimilation of -t-
1.2.11 Written and spoken forms of some common words
1.2.12 Assimilation
Chapter 2 Stress and accent
2.1 Sentence stress
2.2 Word stress
2.3 Accent
2.4 Functions of accent 1 and accent 2
2.5 Rules for accent 1 and accent 2
Chapter 3 Nouns
3.1 Gender and noun type
3.1.1 Gender
3.1.2 Gender rules
3.1.3 Types of noun
3.2 Indefinite declension
3.2.1 Indefinite forms
3.2.2 Plurals
3.2.3 Plurals - predictability
3.2.4 Rules for predicting plural forms
3.3 Plural forms
3.3.1 Plurals in -or (first declension)
3.3.2 Plurals in -ar (second declension)
3.3.3 Plurals in -er (third declension)
3.3.4 Plurals in -r (fourth declension)
3.3.5 Plurals in -n (fifth declension)
3.3.6 Zero plurals (no plural ending, sixth declension)
3.3.7 Plurals in -s (seventh declension)
3.3.8 Collective nouns
3.3.9 Nouns with no plural form or no singular form
3.4 Differences in number between Swedish and English
3.4.1 Differences in number
3.5 Definite declension
3.5.1 Forms with end article singular
3.5.2 Forms with end article plural
3.6 Article use
3.6.1 End article in Swedish, no article in English
3.6.2 End article in Swedish, indefinite article in English
3.6.3 No article in Swedish, definite article in English
3.6.4 No article in Swedish, indefinite article in English
3.6.5 End article in Swedish, possessive pronoun in English
3.6.6 Article use with demonstrative pronouns
3.6.7 No article after the possessive
3.7 Genitives
3.7.1 The genitive
Chapter 4 Adjectives
4.1 Adjectives in outline
4.2 Indefinite declension
4.2.1 Indefinite forms - regular
4.2.2 Indefinite forms - variations
4.2.3 Indeclinable adjectives
4.2.4 Indefinite constructions
4.2.5 Agreement and lack of agreement
4.3 Definite declension
4.3.1 Definite form of the adjective: -e or -a?
4.3.2 Definite construction Type 1 - den nya bilen
4.3.3 Definite construction Type 2 - firmans nya bil
4.3.4 Definite construction Type 3 - svenska spraket
4.3.5 Definite construction Type 4 - foersta klass
4.3.6 Definite constructions - summary chart
4.4 Adjectival nouns and nationality words
4.4.1 Adjectival nouns
4.4.2 Nationality words
4.5 Comparison of adjectives
4.5.1 Comparison with -are, -ast
4.5.2 Comparison with -re, -st
4.5.3 Irregular comparison
4.5.4 Comparison with mer, mest
4.5.5 Comparison - indefinite and definite with -are and -ast
4.5.6 Use of comparatives and superlatives
Chapter 5 Pronouns
5.1 Personal and reflexive pronouns - form
5.2 Use of personal pronouns
5.3 Reflexive pronouns
5.4 Sjaelv
5.5 Possessive pronouns
5.6 Non-reflexive and reflexive possessives: hans or sin?
5.6.1 Non-reflexive forms
5.6.2 Reflexive forms
5.6.3 Some special uses of sin, sitt, sina
5.7 Forms of address
5.8 Demonstrative pronouns
5.9 Determinative pronouns
5.10 Relative pronouns
5.11 Interrogative pronouns
5.12 Indefinite pronouns
Chapter 6 Numerals
6.1 Cardinal and ordinal numbers
6.2 Use of cardinal and ordinal numbers
6.3 Other numerical expressions
6.4 Clock time
Chapter 7 Verbs
7.1 Verb forms in outline
7.2 The four conjugations
7.2.1 First conjugation
7.2.2 Irregular verbs of the first conjugation
7.2.3 Second conjugation
7.2.4 Irregular verbs of the second conjugation
7.2.5 Third conjugation
7.2.6 Irregular verbs of the third conjugation
7.2.7 Fourth conjugation: introduction
7.2.8 Fourth conjugation: gradation series i - e - i
7.2.9 Fourth conjugation: gradation series y/(j)u - oe - u
7.2.10 Fourth conjugation: gradation series i - a - u
7.2.11 Fourth conjugation: gradation series a - o - a
7.2.12 Fourth conjugation: gradation series ae - a - u
7.2.13 Fourth conjugation: minor gradation series (mixed)
7.3 Form and function
7.4 The infinitive
7.4.1 Infinitive - verbal use
7.4.2 Infinitive - nominal use
7.4.3 Use of the infinitive in English and Swedish
7.4.4 Translating '-ing' forms
7.5 Present tense
7.6 Past tense
7.7 Perfect tense
7.8 Pluperfect tense
7.9 Future tense
7.10 Participles and supine
7.10.1 Supine and past participle forms
7.10.2 Use of the supine and past participle
7.10.3 Present participle
7.11 Mood and modal verbs
7.11.1 Use of modal verbs
7.11.2 Subjunctive
7.11.3 Imperative
7.12 Transitive, intransitive and reflexive verbs
7.12.1 Transitive and intransitive verbs
7.12.2 Reflexive verbs
7.13 -s forms
7.13.1 Use of -s forms
7.13.2 Passive
7.14 Translating verbs
7.14.1 Some problems in translating English verbs
7.14.2 Translating the English verb 'to be'
7.15 Compound verbs
7.15.1 Inseparable and separable compound verbs
7.15.2 Stylistic and semantic differences between separable
and inseparable compounds
Chapter 8 Adverbs
8.1 Forms of adverbs
8.2 Use of adverbs
8.3 Adverbs indicating location and motion
8.4 Some problematic adverbs
8.5 Discourse particles
Chapter 9 Interjections
9.1 Interjections
Chapter 10 Prepositions
10.1 Prepositions - introduction
10.2 The most common Swedish prepositions
10.2.1 Av
10.2.2 Fran
10.2.3 Foer
10.2.4 I
10.2.5 Med
10.2.6 Om
10.2.7 Pa
10.2.8 Till
10.2.9 Under
10.2.10 Vid
10.3 Translating prepositions
10.3.1 Some common English prepositions and their Swedish equivalents
10.3.2 Translating 'in, on, at', etc. in expressions of time
10.3.3 Prepositions in expressions of time - summary
10.3.4 Translating 'in, on, at' in expressions of place
10.3.5 Translating 'of'
Chapter 11 Conjunctions
11.1 Coordinating conjunctions
11.2 Subordinating conjunctions
11.3 Other subordinators
11.4 Some problematic conjunctions
Chapter 12 Word order and sentence structure
12.1 Word classes and sentence elements
12.2 Simplified introduction: Four basic rules
12.3 Sentence types
12.4 Main clause structure
12.5 Link position
12.6 Extra positions
12.7 Main clause positions (sentence elements)
12.7.1 Subject and formal subject
12.7.2 Finite verb
12.7.3 Non-finite verb
12.7.4 Clausal adverbial
12.7.5 Other adverbials
12.7.6 Objects and complements
12.7.7 Verb particle
12.7.8 Passive agent
12.7.9 Main clause structure - extended positional scheme with examples
12.8 Moving elements within the main clause
12.8.1 Topicalization
12.8.2 Weight principle
12.8.3 Adverbial shift
12.8.4 Unstressed objects
12.8.5 Position of inte
12.8.6 Passive transformation
12.8.7 Existential sentence
12.8.8 Cleft sentence
12.9 Subordinate clauses
12.9.1 Subordinate clause as an element in the main clause sentence
12.9.2 Subordinate clause structure
12.9.3 Three types of subordinate clause with main clause structure
Chapter 13 Word formation
13.1 Compounding
13.2 Affixation
13.3 Abbreviation
Chapter 14 Orthography
14.1 Upper-case or lower-case letters?
14.2 Spelling of words ending in -m, -n
Chapter 15 Punctuation
15.1 Comma
15.2 Full stop
15.3 Colon
15.4 Exclamation mark
15.5 Apostrophe
15.6 Direct speech conventions
15.7 Hyphen
Chapter 16 Written and spoken Swedish
16.1 Words frequently omitted in spoken Swedish
16.2 Words and constructions frequently found in
spoken Swedish
16.3 Words usually found only in written Swedish
Linguistic terms
A note on Finland-Swedish
Short bibliography
Index
