Regulatory essentials - what is regulation?, why regulate?, who regulates?; privatisation, liberalisation and deregulations - privatisation, liberalisation, deregulation; choosing the level - regulation and federalism - the theoretical case for federal regulation, practice in the EU and UK, devolution in the UK; the institutional legitimacy of pollution regulations - legitimacy of the institutional arrangements for pollution regulation in the UK, legitimacy of the institutional arrangements for pollution, regulation in the EC, accountability; deciding regulatory goals - models of decision-making, UK and EC law and policy, conclusion; regulatory techniques - introduction, command-and-control, economic regulatory instruments, voluntary mechanisms, cost-effectiveness, equality, equity, effectiveness, certainty, conclusion; enforcement I - enforcing national command-and-control regulation - criminal offences, strict liability, cause, knowingly cause and knowingly permit, corporate liability, liability of employees, liability of directors, monitoring, enforcement tools, styles and approaches, descriptive explanations for the co-operative approach, normative arguments for the co-operative approach, enforcement policies, accountability for enforcement decisions; enforcement II - enforcing EC regulation and alternative instruments - enforcing EC regulations, enforcing alternative instruments; pollution regulation and growth - debates over growth, sustainable consumption, instruments for tackling A and P, conclusion.
