Part I. What Came Before: 1. Pivotal Moments in the Development of Modern Neurosurgery Benjamin Hartley, Philip E. Stieg and Michael L. J. Apuzzo; Part II. Ideas and Concepts in Modern Neurosurgical Innovation: 2. Surgical and Other Therapeutic Minimalism: Reducing the Risk Vincent N. Nguyen, Jonathan Dallas, Saman Sizdahkhani, Alexandra N. Demetriou, Arun P. Amar and William Mack; 3. Neurorestoration - A New Synthesis: Repair, Replace, and Optimize Charles Liu, Aidin Abedi, Jordan L. W. Lam, Yu Tung Jack Lo and Christopher C. Young; 4. Modulation: Fine Tuning and Resetting of Neurological Function Kate Gelman, Manish Ranjan, Peter Konrad and Ali Rezai; 5. The Computer as a Tool in Understanding and Managing Brain Disease; 5a. Artificial Intelligence in Neurosurgery Sumedha Rai, Sean Neifert, Zoran M. Budimlija, Aleksandar Beric and Eric K. Oermann; 5b. Augmented Reality in Neurosurgery Stefan Vilsmeier; 5c. Epilepsy Monitoring Kayton Rotenberg, Eun-Hyoung Park, Michelle Chiu, Scellig S. Stone and Joseph R. Madsen; Part III. Areas of Biological and Technical Advances Driving Neurosurgical Innovation: 6. Molecular Neurosurgery: Understanding and Harnessing Human Chemical Structure and Function Daniel Aaronson, Umberto Tosi and Rohan Ramakrishna; 7. Cell Biology: Creating Structure and Function Nicholas M. Boulis, Yuliya Lakhina and Ramiz H. Kara; 8. Nanotechnology: Ideas for Therapies at the Atomic Level Mark A. Damante, Jr., David Gibbs, Daniel Kreatsoulas and James Bradley Elder; 9. Computer Science: The Computer as a Neurosurgical Tool Andrew B. Koo and Joseph King, Jr.; Part IV. The Surgeon's Armamentarium: 10. Microscopy: Enhancing Visualization in the Surgical Challenge Kate Rosen, Evan Bander and Theodore H. Schwartz; 11. Endoscopy: Minimally Invasive Visualization and Therapy Umberto Tosi and Mark M. Souweidane; 12. Imaging: Defining the Challenges and Establishing Navigational Maps Alexandra E. Reis, Kristen Leeman, Sara B. Strauss and Apostolos John Tsiouris; 13. Robotics: Refined Assistance and Enhanced Minimalism Sanju Lama and Garnette Sutherland; 14. High Energy Forms: Employing the Spectrum of Energy as Surgical Adjuvants; 14a. Photons and Particles Stylianos Pikis, Georgios Mantziaris, Chloe Dumot and Jason P. Sheehan; 14b. Radiation Modifiers: Enhancements of Therapeutic Effects Paul Pagnini and Silvia Chiara Formenti; 14c. Focused Ultrasound: Controlled Mechanical Energy Ying Meng, Karim Mithani, Neal Kassell and Nir Lipsman; 14d. Laser Energy: Explanation of Light in a Broad Spectrum of Challenges Kelsey A. Templeton and Veronica Chiang; 15. Virtual Systems: Simulation and Rehearsal of Clinical Skills and Events Antonio Bernardo; 16. Endovascular Technology: Exploitation of Endovascular Corridors in the Broad Catalogue of Challenges Jennifer E. Kim, Joshua S. Catapano, Badih Daou, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew Ducruet and Felipe C. Albuquerque; Part V. The Neurosurgeons of the Future: A Striking Metamorphosis: 17. The 'Neurosurgeon'-Quo Vadis Andrew B. Koo, Brianna Carusillo Theriault and Michael L. J. Apuzzo.
