Overview of legislative requirements in the USA, UK and Germany; sampling environments and location of sampling point; general statistics, data handling and signal processing; characterization of samples, number of samples and frequency; measurement of effluent flowrate; physical methods of sampling; sample preservation, sampling containers and holding times; analytical methods - existing and future; continuous/on-line monitoring; data, communications, storage and security installation, capital and maintenance costs; ion exchange resin regenerator; metals refining; pilot plant ore refining.