Chemicals in the Environment

Chapter One: The Current Regulation of Environmental Chemicals;

Introduction;

Protection of the Water Environment;

Classification and Labelling of Chemicals;

The Notification of New Substances Regulations;

Existing Substances Regulations;

New European Chemicals Policy;

Other European and UK Regulations on Chemicals;

International Activities on Chemicals;

Voluntary Approaches to Control of Chemicals in the Environment;

References;

Chapter Two: Chemicals Risk Assessment and Management;

Introduction;

Types of Risk;

Risks and Hazards;

The Evidence for Harm Caused by Industrial Chemicals;

Cost-Benefit;

Perception of Chemical Risks and the Roles of the Advocates;

The Problems in Controlling Risks from Chemicals;

Industry Initiatives;

REACH;

Conclusions;

References;

Chapter Three: Future Perspectives in Risk Assessment of Chemicals;

Introduction;

Difficulties in Risk Assessment;

Current Developments;

Future Perspectives;

Conclusions;

References;

Chapter Four: Assessing Risks to Human Health;

Introduction;

Chemical Hazard Assessment;

Assessing Risk;

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Risk Assessment;

Role of Epidemiology;

Applications of Molecular Toxicology;

Uncertainties in Human Health Risk Assessment and the Role of Expert Committees;

The Changing Face of Chemical Regulation in Europe;

Future Perspectives;

References;

Chapter Five: Environmental Risk Assessment;

What is Environmental Risk Assessment?;

What are We Trying to Protect?;

What is the EU Legislative Framework?;

What are Some of the Challenges Associated with the Environmental Risk;

References;

Chapter Six: Risk Assessment of Metals in the Environment;

Introduction;

Ecological Risk Assessment;

Comparison of Inorganic and Organic Contaminants;

Problems with the Application of Traditional ERA Approaches to Metals;

Conclusions;

Acknowledgements;

References;

Chapter Seven: Partitioning, Persistence and Long-Range Transport of Chemicals in the Environment;

Introduction;

Partitioning;

Persistence;

Long-range transport;

Conclusions;

Acknowledgements;

References;