Part 1: Historical, anatomical, and biological perspectives: Historical perspectives and contemporary concepts; Systematic considerations; Pharmacologic considerations; Anatomy and physiology of the periodontium; Radicular anatomic considerations; Part 2: Periradicular surgery: Surgical access: soft tissue management; Surgical access: hard tissue management; Periradicular curettage, Root-end resection, Root-end filling; Closure of the surgical site and postsurgical patient management; Surgical wound healing; Success, failure, and prognosis in periradicular surgery; Part 3: Fistulative surgery: Incision and drainage and cortical trephination; Decompression: reduction of large periradicular lesions; Part 4: Corrective surgery Perforative repair, resection procedures, and periodontal management; Intentional replantation.
