Introduction.- Power Units for Transportation.- Combustion Fundamentals and Combustion Products. The Otto (Gasoline) Engine. The Diesel Engine; Alternative Propulsion System.- Means of Transportation and their Effect on the Environment.- Emissions and Air Quality. Noise Emissions. Car Recycling-End of Life Vehicles. Measures for the Reduction of Exhaust Gas Emissions.- Emission Legislation; Emission Standards. Emission Test Methods. Inter-Related Requirements. Fuels.- Fuels and Engine Characteristics. Fuels and Exhaust Gas Emissions. Requirements for Fuels. Alternative Fuels. Outlook on the Future.