Preface.
To the Student.
A Note on Nomenclature.
A Key to Icon Usage.
Maps.
1: Understanding International Relations.
The Study of IR.
IR and Daily Life.
IR as a Field of Study.
Theories and Methods.
Actors and Influences.
State Actors.
Nonstate Actors.
The Information Revolution.
Levels of Analysis.
Geography.
History.
World Civilizations to 2000.
The Great-Power System, 1500-2000.
Imperialism, 1500-2000.
Nationalism, 1500-2000.
The World Economy, 1750-2000.
The Two World Wars, 1900-1950.
The Cold War, 1945-1990.
The Early Post-Cold War Era, 1990-
Thinking Theoretically: What Use Are Theories?
Policy Perspectives: Overview.
Let's Debate the Issue: Globalization: Vanishing State Sovereignty?
Part One: International Security.
2: Power Politics.
Realism.
Power.
Defining Power.
Estimating Power.
Elements of Power.
Bargaining.
Bargaining and Leverage.
Strategies.
Reciprocity, Deterrence, and Arms Races.
Rationality.
Game Theory.
The International System.
Anarchy and Sovereignty.
Balance of Power.
Great Powers and Middle Powers.
Power Distribution.
Hegemony.
Alliances.
Purposes of Alliances.
NATO and the U.S.-Japanese Security Treaty.
The Former Soviet Republics.
Regional Alignments.
Thinking Theoretically: Costs and Benefits of Combating Terrorism.
Policy Perspectives: President of Russia, Vladimir Putin.
Let's Debate the Issue: The Bush Doctrine: Will It Eliminate or Increase Terrorism?
3: Alternatives to Power Politics.
Liberalism.
Traditional Liberal Critiques.
What is Rationality.
Neoliberalism.
Collective Goods.
International Regimes.
Hegemonic Stability.
Collective Security.
Feminism.
Why Gender Matters.
The Masculinity of Realism.
Gender in War and Peace.
Women in IR.
Balancing the Feminist Arguments.
Constructivism.
Postmodernism.
Deconstructing Realism.
Postmodern feminism.
Peace Studies.
Conflict Resolution.
War and Militarism.
Positive Peace.
Peace Movements.
Nonviolence.
Thinking Theoretically: Manhood and the Decision for War.
Policy Perspectives: President of the United States, George W. Bush.
Let's Debate the Issue: The Arab-Israeli Conflict: What are the New Obstacles to Peace?
4: Foreign Policy.
Making Foreign Policy.
Decision Making.
Models of Decision Making.
Individual Decision Makers.
Group Dynamics.
Crisis Management.
Substate actors.
Bureaucracies.
Interest Groups.
The Military-Industrial Complex.
Public Opinion.
Legislatures.
Democracy and Foreign Policy.
Thinking Theoretically: Policy Continuity in the Balkans.
Policy Perspectives: President of the Philippines, Gloria Arroyo.
Let's Debate the Issue: The War on Terrorism: Should Public Opinion Influence Foreign Policy in Democracies?
5: International Conflict.
The Causes of War.
Theories about War.
Conflicts of Interest.
Territorial Disputes.
Control of Governments.
Economic Conflict.
Conflicts of Ideas.
Ethnic Conflict.
Religious Conflict.
Ideological Conflict.
Means of Leverage.
Types of War.
Terrorism.
Thinking Theoretically: Explaining Genocide.
Policy Perspectives: President of Sri Lanka, Chandrika Kumaratunga.
Let's Debate the Issue: The West versus Islamism: The New Cold War?
6: Military Force.
The Use of Force.
Configuring Forces.
Military Economics.
The Choice of Capabilities.
Control of Military Forces.
Command.
States and Militaries.
Conventional Forces.
Types of Forces.
Evolving Technologies.
Weapons of Mass Destruction.
Nuclear Weapons.
Ballistic Missiles and Other Delivery Systems.
Chemical and Biological Weapons.
Proliferation.
Nuclear Strategy.
Nuclear Arsenals and Arms Control.
Thinking Theoretically: The Superpower Arms Race.
Policy Perspectives: Prime Minister of Israel, Ariel Sharon.
Let's Debate the Issue: North Korea's Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Threat to World Order?
7: International Organization and Law.
World Order.
The Evolution of World Order.
International Norms and Morality.
Roles of International Organizations.
The United Nations.
The UN System.
The Security Council.
Peacekeeping Forces.
The Secretariat.
The General Assembly.
UN Programs.
Autonomous Agencies.
International Law.
Sources of International Law.
Enforcement of International Law.
The World Court.
International Cases in National Courts.
Law and Sovereignty.
Laws of Diplomacy.
War Crimes.
Just War Doctrine.
Human Rights.
Thinking Theoretically: Paying for a UN War Crimes Tribunal.
Policy Perspectives: President of Senegal, Abdoulaye Wade.
Let's Debate the Issue: The United Nations- United State Relationship: A Marriage of Convenience?
Part Two: International Political Economy.
8: Trade.
From Security to Political Economy.
Liberalism and Mercantilism.
Globalization.
Markets.
Global Patterns of Trade.
Comparative Advantage.
Prices and Markets.
Centrally Planned Economies.
Politics of Markets.
Balance of Trade.
Interdependence.
Trade Strategies.
Autarky.
Protectionism.
Industries and Interest Groups.
Cooperation in Trade.
Trade Regimes.
The World Trade Organization.
Resistance to Trade.
Bilateral and Regional Agreements.
Cartels.
Thinking Theoretically: Trade Negotiations as "Chicken."
Policy Perspectives: Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil.
Let's Debate the Issue: America's Commitment to Free Trade: A Hollow Promise?
9: Money and Business.
About Money.
The Currency System.
International Currency Exchange.
Why Currencies Rise or Fall.
Central Banks.
The World Bank and the IMF.
State Financial Positions.
National Accounts.
International Debt.
The Position of the United States.
The Position of Russia and Eastern Europe.
The Position of Asia.
Multinational Business.
Multinational Corporations.
Foreign Direct Investment.
Host and Home Government Relations.
Business Environments.
Thinking Theoretically: Stability of Exchange Rates.
Policy Perspectives: Hu Jintao, President of China.
Let's Debate the Issue: Multinational Corporations: Engines of Modernization or Agents of Imperialism?
10: Integration.
Supranationalism.
Integration Theory.
The European Union.
The Vision of a United Europe.
The Treaty of Rome.
Structure of the European Union.
The Single European Act.
The Maastricht Treaty.
Monetary Union.
Expanding the European Union.
The Power of Information.
Wiring the World.
Information as a Tool of Governments.
Information as a Tool against Governments.
International Culture.
Telecommunications and Global Culture.
Transnational Communities.
Thinking Theoretically: More Members in the EU Club.
Policy Perspectives: Jacques Chirac, President of France.
Let's Debate the Issue: European Union- United States Relations: Will Divergent Interests Replace Old Ties?
11: Environment and Population.
Interdependence and the Environment.
Sustainable Economic Development.
Rethinking Interdependence.
Managing the Environment.
The Atmosphere.
Biodiversity.
Forests and Oceans.
Pollution.
Natural Resources.
World Energy.
Minerals, Land, Water.
International Security and the Environment.
Population.
World Population Trends.
The Demographic Transition.
Population Policies.
Mortality and AIDS.
Population and International Conflict.
Thinking Theoretically: Fighting Over Fish.
Policy Perspectives: Mary McAleese, President of Ireland.
Let's Debate the Issue: Overpopulation in the South: The Underestimated Priority?
12: The North-South Gap.
Poverty.
Theories of Accumulation.
Economic Accumulation.
Capitalism.
Socialism.
Economic Classes.
Imperialism.
The Globalization of Class.
The World-System.
European Colonialism.
Anti-Imperialism.
Postcolonial Dependency.
The State of the South.
Basic Human Needs.
World Hunger.
Rural and Urban Populations.
Women in Development.
Migration and Refugees.
Revolution.
Revolutionary Movements.
Islamic Revolutions.
Postrevolutionary Governments.
Thinking Theoretically: Lingering Effects of Imperialism.
Policy Perspectives: Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa.
Let's Debate the Issue: Poverty and Inequality in the Developing World: Should the Developed North Increase Aid to the Developing South?
13: International Development.
What is Development?
Experiences.
The Newly Industrializing Countries.
The Chinese Experience.
Other Experiments.
Lessons.
Import Substitution and Export-Led Growth.
Concentrating Capital for Manufacturing.
Authoritarianism and Democracy.
Corruption.
North-South Business.
Foreign Investment.
Technology Transfer.
Third World Debt.
IMF Conditionality.
The South in International Economic Regimes.
Foreign Assistance.
Patterns of Foreign Assistance
The Disaster Relief Model.
The Missionary Model.
The Oxfam Model.
Thinking Theoretically: Why is China So Successful?
Policy Perspectives: Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt.
Let's Debate the Issue: Democracy and Capitalism in the Developing World: Do They Facilitate or Undermine Development?
14: Postscript.
Glossary.
Photo Credits.
Author Index.
Subject Index.
