Part 1 Introduction to the multilingual apple: New York's multilingualism - world languages and their role in a U.S. city, Ofelia Garcia. Part 2 The language of early arrivals - still encountered: Irish in 19th-century New York, Kenneth E, Nilsen; German in New York, John R. Costello;; Yiddish in New York, Hannah Kliger, Rakhmiel Peltz. Part 3 The languages with vitality in the past and the present: Italian in New York, Hermann W. Haller; Greek in New York, Chrysie M. Costantakos, John N. Spiridakis; Spanish in New York, Ana Celia Zentella; Hebrew in New York, Alvin I. Schiff. Part 4 The languages with the newest sounds and of newest faces: Chinese in New York, Shiwen Pan; The languages of India in New York, Kamal K. Sridhar; Haitian Creole in new York, Carole M. Berotte Joseph; English Caribbean language in New York, Lise winer, Lona Jack. Part 5 Concluding observations to the multilingual apple: do ethnics have culture? and what's so special about New York anyway? Joshua A. Fishman.
