FOREWORD, PREFACE, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, 1: INTRODUCTION, 2: DEAD RECKONING, 3: TACTILE AND PROXIMITY SENSING, 4: TRIANGULATION RANGING, 5: TIME OF FLIGHT, 6: PHASE-SHIFT MEASUREMENT AND FREQUENCY MODULATION, 7: OTHER RANGING TECHNIQUES, 8: ACOUSTICAL ENERGY, 9: ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY, 10: COLLISION AVOIDANCE, 11: GUIDEPATH FOLLOWING, 12: MAGNETIC COMPASSES, 13: GYROSCOPES, 14: RF POSITION-LOCATION SYSTEMS, 15: ULTRASONIC AND OPTICAL POSITION-LOCATION SYSTEMS, 16: WALL, DOORWAY, AND CEILING REFERENCING, 17: APPLICATION-SPECIFIC MISSION SENSORS, APPENDIX, INDEX