What are 'human rights'? what is the United Nations - how does it function? how do human rights form part of International Law?; The International Bill of Human rights; the International Covenant on civil and political rights with commentary and supplementary human rights instruments. Who monitors human rights? the Human Rights network - medical professionals, law enforcement officials, lawyers and judges. Monitoring, reporting and investigating in a state of emergency: a) how to monitor - prisons, trials, hospitals, cemeteries, vulnerable groups; b) how to investigate - practical steps on gathering evidence; c) how to report - how to write a report, how to make a statement, how to collate evidence. Promoting and monitoring human rights in a state in transition: a) MEC - mediation, education, and communication; b) commissions of enquiry; c) constitutions and elections. International reporting and complaints procedures A: urgent actions, formal procedures, informal procedures UN committees and ILO committee of experts; B: European Court, Inter-American Court, Organisation of Africa Unity.