I. Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Assessment Obesity: A Disease or a Physiologic Adaptation for Survival? 3 Robert H. Eckel Genetic Influences on Obesity 31 David B. Allison, Angelo Pietrobelli, Myles S. Faith, Kevin R. Fontaine, Eva Gropp, and Jose R. Fernandez Environmental Influences on Obesity 75 James O. Hill and William T. Donahoo Pediatric Obesity 91 William H. Dietz Human Body Composition 103 Daniel J. Hoffman, Rebecca K. Huber-Miller, David B. Allison, ZiMian Wang, Wei Shen, and Steven B. Heymsfield Neuroendocrine Control of Energy Balance 128 Nicholas A. Tritos and Eleftheria Maratos-Flier Endocrine Control of Fuel Partitioning 147 Samyah Shadid and Michael D. Jensen II. Comorbidities Heart Disease 181 Paul Poirier and Martin A. Alpert Sleep-Disordered Breathing 202 Tracey D. Robinson and Ronald R. Grunstein Obesity and Type II Diabetes Mellitus 229 Robert R. Henry and Sunder Mudaliar Obesity, Hypertension, and Renal Disease 273 John E. Hall, Daniel W. Jones, Jeffrey Henegar, Terry M. Dwyer, and Jay J. Kuo Hepatobiliary Complications of Obesity 301 Gregory T. Everson and Marcelo Kugelmas Cancer 327 David Heber Endocrine Disorders and Obesity 345 Margaret E. Wierman Psychosocial Complications of Obesity and Dieting 358 Suzanne Phelan and Thomas A. Wadden Dyslipidemia of the Metabolic Syndrome 378 John D. Brunzell Orthopedic Complications 399 David T. Felson and Susan L. Edmond III. Therapeutics Behavioral Treatment of Obesity: Strategies to Improve Outcome and Predictors of Success 415 Rena R. Wing and Suzanne Phelan Nutrition and Obesity 436 Adam Drewnowski and Victoria A. Warren-Mears Treatment of Obesity with Drugs in the New Millennium 449 George A. Bray Exercise 476 William J. Wilkinson and Steven N. Blair Surgical Treatment of Obesity 503 Rifat Latifi and Harvey J. Sugerman The Economic Impact of Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Loss 523 Anne M. Wolf, JoAnn E. Manson, and Graham A. Colditz Treatment of Childhood Obesity 550 Sarah E. Barlow Appendix A. Body Mass Index 567 Subject Index 569
