Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter Goal: Chapter 1 will provide general definitions relevant to battery technology, applications of advancing the technology, as well as discuss the demand for longer life, higher energy density batteries. 1. Introduction a. General Terminology 2. Major Uses a. Backup b. Energy Storage c. Portable Power 3. Load characteristics of various applications: a. Lighting b. Motors c. Electronics 4. Demand a. Discuss the demand for more energy storage b. Explain the drivers behind this growth in demand 5. Content of this book
Chapter 2: Electrochemical Energy Storage
Chapter Goal: A brief history of electrochemical energy storage. Throughout the chapter, the batteries will be described in the context of the technology of their day. The extent to which these batteries were suited for their intended application will be assessed. 1. Introduction 2. Batteries in nature a. Electric Eel b. Potato Battery c. Frog Leg's Battery d. Potato Battery e. Lemon Battery f. Others 3. Early realizations of the potential for energy storage a. Baghdad Batteries b. Leyden Jars c. Cell Piles 4. First applicable battery technology a. Daniell Cells b. Poggendorff Cells c. Grove Cells d. Cell Voltage and stability e. Importance 5. Rechargeable Batteries and Dry Cells a. Lead Acid b. Gravity Cells c. Zinc Carbon d. Alkaline Batteries i. Ni-Cd 6. Conclusion a. Underlying similarities of these batteries
Chapter 3: Modern Batteries
Chapter Goal: Provide descriptive definition of cells, batteries, primary and secondary batteries presently in use. 1. Introduction 2. Definitions a. Cell i. Half cell b. Battery c. Primary Battery d. Secondary Battery 3. Relative Differences a. Batteries and collections of cells b. Primary versus secondary batteries 4. Charge, Voltage and Current a. Definitions: i. Voltage ii. Current, iii. Electric charge iv. Coulombs v. Ampere-Hours vi. Milliampere-Hours, b. Cell Voltage versus Battery Voltage 5. The relationship between Voltage, Current, and resistance a. Ohm's Law b. Cell Configurations and implications i. Series ii. Parallel iii. Hybrid configurations c. Importance i. Why it is important to understand the fundamental principles which govern electricity ii. How this is of particular interest in battery technology iii. Advancements in science must still adhere to the aforementioned governing dynamics
Chapter 4: Battery Chemistry
Chapter Goal: Provide description various battery chemistries. Suggest chemistries that promise higher performance. 1. Introduction a. Describe the effect of the chemistry of each battery technology on operating characteristics. 2. Wet cell varieties 3. Dry cell chemistry 4. Molten salt 5. Alkaline and metal hydride 6. Lithium Varieties
Chapter 5: Energy Density
Chapter Goal: Provide a definition of energy density, information on energy density of various chemistries and recent developments which seek to improve this. 1. Introduction 2. Definitions a. Joules i. Megajoules b. Watt hours i. Kilowatts c. Unit Conversion i. MJ/kg, kW/kg 3. Relative energy densities a. Electrostatic capacitors b. Lead-Acid c. Nickel-metal hydride d. Alkaline e. Lithium-ion f. Lithium 4. Energy density of chemical versus electromechanical storage a. Briefly touch on the relatively low energy density of even the most high tech battery technology compared to common fuel sources b. Battery Energy Density limits i. Theoretical ii. Practical 5. Recent developments a. Hydrogen cells b. Sulfur batteries c. Air batteries d. Nanowire batteries e. Graphene foam batteries 6. Advantages a. Higher energy density means more power in same space or same power and less weight b. Environmentally friendly technology 7. Disadvantages a. Toxicity b. Explosions! c. Leakage, environmental hazards
Chapter 6: Charging and Discharging
Chapter Goal: Provide information on charging and discharging batteries as well as charge cycles and rates. 1. Introduction 2. Charge cycles a. Maximum charge cycles of various chemistries b. How charge and discharge rate affects cycles 3. Charge Methods a. Constant Current b. Constant Voltage c. Positive Pulsed Current 4. Charge rate 5. Discharge rate a. Constant discharge versus burst discharge b. Circuit topologies to overcome battery shortcomings 6. Potential and recommended cell voltage in relation to chemistry and form factor 7. Dangers associated with overcharging, undercharging and charge/discharge rates a. Undercharging a battery, running a battery down too low b. Risks of overcharging 8. Safety a. Overcurrent protection b. Charging circuitry c. Cell balancing d. Charging enclosures e. Reiterate the need for safety!
Chapter 7: Choosing the Right Battery for a Specific Design
Chapter Goal: Provide a methodology to properly select a battery for each application. 1. Introduction 2. Determine your needs a. Minimum and maximum power requirements for the application b. Charging and balancing circuitry 3. Battery and Load topology that maximizes performance a. Maximize use of the mobile device between charge cycles b. Minimize Self-Discharge c. Prolong Battery Life 4. Considerations a. Size restrictions b. Form factors c. Hazardous materials d. Operating temperatures 5. Relative cost of various chemistries 6. Cost versus energy density 7. Balancing charge rate, cycles, and cost 8. Chapter Summary
Chapter 8: Testing and Management
Chapter Goal: Describe testing methods used by researchers, battery manufacturers and platform designers. Suggest empirical methods to ascertain that the battery and management system design is appropriate for the application. Finally, recommend Manufacturing Quality Assurance testing for the battery and management system. 1. Introduction 2. Testing Methods a. Load b. Charge c. Temperature 3. Management System: Monitors: a. Voltage b. Temperature c. State of Charge d. State of health e. Current f. Other specific characteristics of each technology
Chapter 9: Conclusion
Chapter Goal: Provide a summary of and conclusion to the book. 1. Introduction 2. Predictions of future energy storage demands 3. Future Battery Technologies 4. Summary of previous points 5. Where battery technology is going a. Exotic chemistries b. Nano solutions Conclusion
