1. Introduction Peter T. Doran, W. Berry Lyons and Diane M. McKnight; 2. Geologic analogies between the surface of Mars and the McMurdo Dry Valleys: microclimate-related geomorphic features and evidence for climate change David R. Marchant and James W. Head; 3. The legacy of aqueous environments on soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: contexts for future exploration of Martian soils Jeb E. Barrett, Michael A. Poage, Michael A. Gooseff and Cristina Takacs-Vesbach; 4. The Antarctic cryptoendolithic microbial ecosystem Henry J. Sun, James A. Nienow and Christopher P. McKay; 5. Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valley stream ecosystems as analog to fluvial systems on Mars Michael A. Gooseff, Diane M. McKnight, Michael H. Carr and Jenny Baeseman; 6. Saline lakes and ponds in the McMurdo Dry Valleys: ecological analogs to Martian paleolake environments Jill Mikucki, W. Berry Lyons, I. Hawes, Brian D. Lanoil and Peter T. Doran; 7. The biogeochemistry and hydrology of Dry Valley glaciers: is there life on Martian ice now? Martyn Tranter, Elizabeth Bagshaw, Andrew Fountain and Christine Foreman; 8. Factors promoting microbial diversity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica Cristina Takacs-Vesbach, Lydia Zeglin, Jeb E. Barrett, Michael A. Gooseff and John C. Priscu; 9. Other analogs to Mars: high altitude, subsurface, desert, and polar environments Nathalie A. Cabrol, Dale T. Andersen, Carol R. Stoker, Pascal Lee, Christopher P. McKay and David S. Wettergreen.