Practical Atlas of Ruminant and Camelid Reproductive Ultrasonography

Preface.
Acknowledgments.
Introduction/avant-propos.
Chapter 1 - Practical principles and guidelines, essential concepts and common artifacts of ultrasonography.
a) Description and practical guidelines for the selection of an ultrasound unit to improve the quality of the images.
b) General principles and essential concepts to improve the quality of images.
c) Common artifacts.
d) References.
e) Test.
Chapter 2 - Scanning techniques and common errors in bovine practice.
a) Description of the scanning technique.
b) Manipulations of the probe.
c) Common errors.
d) References.
e) Test.
.
Chapter 3 - Cow and bull anatomy of the reproduction tract.
a) Cow anatomy.
b) Bull anatomy.
c) References.
d) Test.
Chapter 4 - Bovine ovary.
a) Endocrinology and ovarian structures in normal cycling dairy cows (follicular development and follicular waves, corpus luteum, etc...).
b) Ovarian anomalies.
c) Use of Colour Doppler.
d) References.
e) Tests.
Chapter 5 - Bovine uterus.
a) Ultrasonography of the uterus during the estrus cycle.
b) Uterine anomalies.
c) Use of Color Doppler.
d) References.
e) Tests.
Chapter 6 - Bovine pregnancy.
a) Embryo and fetal development before 55 days.
b) Early pregnancy diagnosis and vital signs.
c) Early embryonic death.
d) Fetal anomalies.
e) Twins.
f) References.
g) Tests.
Chapter 7 - Bovine fetal sexing and well-being.
a) Fetal development after 55 days (genital tract and other organs (rumen, liver, etc.).
b) Scanning techniques in three steps.
c) Male in different scanning views.
d) Female in different scanning views.
e) Fetal well-being in late pregnancy (normal gestation, compromised pregnancy and clone).
f) References.
g) Tests.
Chapter 8 - Bovine embryo transfer, in-vitro fertilization, special procedures and clone management.
a) Embryo transfer: donors.
b) Embryo transfer: recipients.
c) IVF and echo-guided follicular aspiration.
d) Clone management.
e) References.
f) Tests.
Chapter 9 - Bull.
a) Usefulness of ultrasonography as part of the bull breeding soundness evaluation.
b) Equipment.
c) Testicules and penis (scanning technique, normal testis and common anomalies).
d) Internal annexe organs (scanning technique, normal and common anomalies).
e) References.
f) Tests.
Chapter 10 - Water Buffalo and Bos indicus.
a) Usefulness of ultrasonography in those exotic bovine species.
b) Equipment and scanning techniques.
c) Major differences between bovine species.
1. Anatomy.
2. Ovarian and uterine particularities.
3. Pregnancy diagnosis.
4. Fetal sexing.
d) Reproduction management particularities?.
e) References.
f) Tests.
Chapter 11 - Sheep and goat.
a) Usefulness of ultrasonography in small ruminants.
b) Anatomy of the female genital tract.
c) Equipment and scanning techniques.
d) Endocrinology and ovarian structures in normal cycling small ruminants (follicular development and follicular waves, corpus luteum, etc...).
e) Ovarian and uterine particularities.
f) Pregnancy diagnosis (foetal counting and pathologies).
g) References.
h) Tests.
Chapter 12 - Camelidae (Alpaca and Llama).
a) Usefulness of ultrasonography in camelidae.
b) Equipment and scanning techniques.
c) Anatomic characteristics of the female genital tract.
d) Endocrinology and ovarian dynamics in camelidae.
e) Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal growth evaluation.
f) Uterine and ovarian irregularities/pathologies.
g) References.
h) Tests.
Glossary.
Index