Access Controlled

Internet filtering, censorship of Web content, and online surveillance
are increasing in scale, scope, and sophistication around the world, in democratic
countries as well as in authoritarian states. The first generation of Internet
controls consisted largely of building firewalls at key Internet gateways; China's
famous "Great Firewall of China" is one of the first national Internet
filtering systems. Today the new tools for Internet controls that are emerging go
beyond mere denial of information. These new techniques, which aim to normalize (or
even legalize) Internet control, include targeted viruses and the strategically
timed deployment of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, surveillance at
key points of the Internet's infrastructure, take-down notices, stringent terms of
usage policies, and national information shaping strategies. Access Controlled
reports on this new normative terrain. The book, a project from the OpenNet
Initiative (ONI), a collaboration of the Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto's
Munk Centre for International Studies, Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and
Society, and the SecDev Group, offers six substantial chapters that analyze Internet
control in both Western and Eastern Europe and a section of shorter regional reports
and country profiles drawn from material gathered by the ONI around the world
through a combination of technical interrogation and field research
methods.