Part I. Approaches to Defining, Monitoring, Evaluating and Managing Soil Quality; Introduction, A Benedetti and O Dilly; Defining Soil Quality, R G Burns, P Nannipieri, A Benedetti and D W Hopkins; Monitoring and Evaluating Soil Quality, J Bloem, A J Schouten, S J Sorensen, M Rutgers, A van der Werf and A M Breure; Managing Soil Quality, M Schloter, J C Munch and F Tittarelli; Conclusive Remarks, A Benedetti, P C Brookes and J M Lynch; Part II. Selected Methods Microbial Biomass and Numbers; Estimating soil microbial biomass, A Filessbach and F Widmer; Microbial biomass measurements by fumigation-extraction, P Brookes and R G Joergensen; Substrate-induced respiration, H Hoper; Enumeration and Biovolume Determination of Microbial Cells, M Bolter, J Bloem, K Meiners and R Moller; Soil Microbial Activity; Estimating soil microbial activity, O Dilly; Soil respiration, M Pell, J Stenstrom and U Granholl; Soil nitrogen mineralization, S Canali and A Benedetti; Nitrification in soil, A Bollmann; Thymidine and leucine incorporation to assess bacterial growth rate, J Bloem and P R Bolhuis; N2O emissions and denitrification from soil, U Sehy, M Schloter, H Bothe and J C Munch; Enzyme activity profiles and soil quality, L J Show and R G Burns; Soil Microbial Diversity and Community Composition; Estimating soil microbial diversity and community composition, J D van Elsas and M Rutgers; Soil microbial community fingerprinting based on total community DNA or RNA, J D van Elsas, E M Top and K Smalla; Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses, A Palojarvi; Substrate utilisation in Biolog plates for analysis of CLPP, M Rutgers, A M Breure and H Insam; Plant-microbe Interactions and Soil Quality; Microbial ecology of the rhizosphere, P Lemanceau, P Offre, C Mougel, E Gamalero, Y Dessaux, Y Moenne-Loccoz and G Berta; Nodulating symbiotic bacteria and soil quality, A Hartmann, S Mazurier, D N Rodriguez-Navarro, F Temprano Vera, J-C Cleyet-Marel, Y Prin, A Galiana, M Fernandez-Lopez, N Toro and Y Moenne-Loccoz; Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza to soil quality and terrestrial ecotoxicology, S Gianinazzi, E Plumey-Jacquot, V Gianinazzi-Pearson and C Leyval; Concepts and methods to assess the phytosanitary quality of soils, C Alabouvette, J Raaijmakers, W de Boer, R Notz, G Defago, C Steinberg and P Lemanceau; Free-living plant-beneficial microorganisms and soil quality, Y Moenne-Loccoz, S L Woo, Y Okon, R Bally, M Lorito, P Lemanceau and A Hartmann; Census of Microbiological Methods for Soil Quality, O Dilly