The invention of the laser has resulted in many technological spin-offs. One that has emerged as a field-deployable, analytical technique is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), also sometimes know as laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) or laser spark spectroscopy (LSS). This book provides a comprehensive update of the forefront of LIBS development and applications, as well as a review and summary, for the novice, of the principles of plasma spectroscopy and analytical spectrochemistry as it applies to LIBS. Included are new data and archival material to assist experienced as well as new users. The authors have included comments on the many advantages of the method along with its limitations, to provide the reader with a balanced overview of LIBS capabilities.
* The first chapter presents a historical review of LIBS development up to 2002. Chapter 2 contains a review of the basic principles of plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and laser ablation as they relate to LIBS to provide a foundation for understanding the technique. An overview of the important elements of a LIBS apparatus is the subject of Chapter 3.
* The next three chapters, 4-6 deal with fundamental concepts in spectroscopic chemical analysis, and describe the application of LIBS to qualitative and quantitative analysis using real-world examples. Chapter 7 discusses remote LIBS measurement in field environments, a topic of intense interest.
* Chapter 8 considers the recent history of LIBS from 2003 with an emphasis on the latest trends in research and applications, including progress towards LIBS for a future Mars mission. The focus is on what a new applier of LIBS needs to know to perform state-of-the-art LIBS experiments. Chapter 9 concludes with speculations on the most promising directions for the future, topics to be explored to expand LIBS applications, and factors that will speed its commercialization.
* Comprehensive appendices contain fundamental, useful information for first-time and experienced users ranging from an overview of the essentials of basic LIBS safety considerations to archival material including published detection limits, a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform method of analysis developed for this text, and a list of major LIBS references.
Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and applications, the Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy will provide a unique references source that will be of value for many years of this important new analytical technique.
Auflage
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Zielgruppe
Illustrationen
Illustrations (some col.)
Maße
Höhe: 22.9 cm
Breite: 15.2 cm
Dicke: 21 mm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-0-470-09299-6 (9780470092996)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Professor L.J. Radziemski, Professor Emeritus, Department of Physics, Washington State University
Dr. David Cremers, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Foreword.
Preface.
Acronyms, Constants, And Symbol.s
1. History.
1.1 Atomic optical emission spectrochemistry (OES).
1.2 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
1.3 LIBS History 1960-1980.
1.4 LIBS History 1980-1990.
1.5 LIBS History 1990-2000.
1.6 Active Areas of Investigation, 2000-2002.
References.
2. Basics of the LIBS plasma.
2.1 LIBS plasma fundamentals.
2.2 laser-Induced Breakdown.
2.3 laser ablation.
2.4 double or multiple pulse libs.
2.5 summary.
References.
3. Apparatus fundamentals.
3.1 Basic LIBS apparatus.
3.2 Lasers.
3.3 Optical systems.
3.4 Methods of spectral resolution.
3.5 Detectors.
3.6 Detection system calibration.
3.7 Timing considerations.
3.8 Methods of LIBS deployment.
References.
4. Determining LIBS analytical figures-of-merit.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Basics of LIBS measurements.
4.3 precision.
4.4 Calibration.
4.5 Detection limit.
References.
5. Qualitative LIBS Analysis.
5.1 Identifying elements.
5.2 Material identification.
5.3 Process control.
References.
6. Quantitative LIBS Analysis.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Geometric Sampling Parameters.
6.3 Other sampling considerations.
6.4. Particle size.
6.5 use of internal standardization.
6.6 Chemical Matrix effects.
6.7. Example of libs measurement: Impurities in Lithium Solutions.
6.8 Reported figures of merit for LIBS measurements.
6.9 Conclusions.
References.
Chapter 7. REMOTE LIBS MEASUREMENTS.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Conventional open path LIBS.
7.3 Stand-off LIBS using Femtosecond pulses.
7.4 Fiber optic LIBS.
References
8. Examples of recent LIBS fundamental research, instruments and novel applications.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 fundamentals.
8.3 calibration-free LIBS.
8.4 laser and spectrometer advances.
8.5 surface analysis.
8.6 Double pulse studies and applications.
8.7 Steel applications.
8.8 libs for biological applications.
8.9 nuclear reactor applications.
8.10 LIBS for space applications.
References.
9. THE FUTURE OF LIBS.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Expanding the understanding and capability of the libs process.
9.3 Widening the universe of libs applications.
9.4 Factors that will speed the commercialization of Libs.
9.5 conclusion.
References.
APPENDIX A: Safety Considerations in LIBS.
A.1. safety plans.
A.2 Laser Safety.
A.3 Generation of Aerosols.
A.4 laser pulse induced ignition.
APPENDIX B: LIBS Application Matrix.
APPENDIX C: LIBS Detection Limits.
C.1 detection limits from the literature.
C.2 uniform detection limits.
APPENDIX D: Major LIBS References.
Index.
