Principles of Topology

A subfield within mathematics that focuses on examining the properties of space that remain unchanged under continuous deformation, such as crumpling, stretching, and bending is called topology. Fundamental to this area are two key properties, namely, compactness and connectedness. Topology encompasses several significant subfields, including algebraic topology, differential topology, geometric topology, general topology. Topology is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques and the applications of topology. Those with an interest in this field would find this book helpful.