Lowndes & Rudolf: The Law of General Average and The York-Antwerp Rules

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION: Origins of the Law of General Average; Origin of the Word "Average"; Basis of the Right to General Average; Continuing Need for General Average; SOME PRINCIPLES OF THE LAW OF CARRIAGE BY SEA; The Contract of Carriage; Hague Rules and Similar Legislation; The Carrier's Obligation to Incur General Average Expenditure; Obligations of Charterer or Shipper; General Average Sacrifice as a Defence; HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE YORK-ANTWERP RULES; THE YORK-ANTWERP RULES 1994 AND 2004; ASSESSING AND ENFORCING RIGHTS OF CONTRIBUTION; The Preparation of the Adjustment; Enforcing Rights of Contribution; THE CURRENCY OF THE ADJUSTMENT; Rates of Exchange and the Problem of Set-off; English Law Before 1974; The Modern English Law; Determining the Currency of Adjustment ; Rates of Exchange; Ascertaining the Claimants' Currency of Loss; The Question of "Set-off" ; Proposals for the York-Antwerp Rules 1994; GENERAL AVERAGE, INSURANCE AND RECOVERIES; Claims on Policies for General Average Losses ; R