PART ONE: COMMUNISMSECTION I: UTOPIAN SOCIALISM1. Friedrich Engels: Socialism, Utopian and Scientific. Part I: The Utopians2. Henri Comte de Saint-Simon: Selected Writings: The New Christianity, A World Upside Down, The Plan of a New Society, The Golden Age.3. F. M Charles Fourier: Selected Writings: Of Association, Evils of Individual Action in Industry.4. Robert Owen: The Book of the New Moral World, To the Nations of the World, The Development of Superior Human Character, The Irrational Society, The New Moral World.SECTION II: DIALECTICS5. Friedrich Engels: Socialism, Utopian and Scientific. Part II: Dialectical Philosophy.6. Georg W. F. Hegel: Lectures on the Philosophy of History. Dialectical History.7. Friedrich Engels: Letter to Conrad Schmidt. On Understanding Hegel.8. Karl Marx: Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts. Alienated Labor. Communism, Crude and Refined. The Supersession of Private Property. Needs, Production, and the Division of Labor. Money.SECTION III: MATERIALISM9. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: The German Ideology. The Premises of Materialism. 10. Friedrich Engels: Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy. Feuerbach and Hegel,Idealism and Materialism.11. Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach: The Essence of Christianity, Materialism and Atheism.12. Karl Marx: Theses on Feuerbach.SECTION IV: THE THEORY OF DIALECTICAL AND HISTORICAL MATERIALISM13. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Manifesto of the Communist Party.14. Vladimir I. Lenin: The Teachings of Karl Marx. Marx's Economic Doctrine, Value, Surplus Value.15. Karl Marx: Capital. The Fetishism of Commodities, The Composition of Capital, The Law of Capitalist Accumulation, The Law of the Concentration of Capital, The Law of Increasing Misery.16. Friedrich Engels: Socialism, Utopian, and Scientific. Part III: Scientific Socialism.SECTION V: IMPERIALISM17. Josef Stalin: The Foundations of Leninism. What Is Leninism?18. V.I. Lenin: Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism. Concentration of Production and Monopolies, The Export of Capital, The Division of the World Among Capitalist Combines, Imperialism as a Special Stage of Capitalism, The Place of Imperialism in History.19. Mao Tse-Tung: Selected Writings. Western Bourgeois Civilization Is Bankrupt, Imperialism and All Reactionaries are Paper Tigers, The Mass Line.20. Kwame Nkrumah: Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism.SECTION VI: REVOLUTION21. V.I. Lenin: State and Revolution. The State as the Product of the Irreconcilablility of Class Antagonisms, The State as a Relic of Antiquity, The Withering Away of the State and Violent Revolution.22. Eduard Bernstein: Evolutionary Socialism. Dogmatism and Scientific Socialism, Legislation Versus Revolution.23. Josef Stalin: The Foundations of Leninism. Revolution Where? Revolution in One Country, The Dictatorship of the Proletariat.24. Leon Trotsky: The Permanent Revolution.25. Mao Tse-tung: Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung: Revolution is Made by a Disciplined Revolutionary Party, Patriotism and Internationalism, War and Peace, Classes and Class Struggle.26. W.E. B. DuBois: "Pan Africa"27. Nikita S. Krushchev: We Will Bury You.28. Daniel and Gabriel Cohn-Bendit: Obsolete Communism, It Is for Yourself that You Make the Revolution.29. Fidel Castro: Those Who Are Not Revolutionary Fighters Cannot Be Called Communists. Some Who Call Themselves Revolutionaries Are Not Revolutionaries at All This Revolution Will Never Be Anybody's PuppetSECTION VII: THE DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLETARIAT 30. V.I. Lenin: State and Revolution31. The Transition from Capitalism to Communism, Compromises, Communism and Trade Unions,Communism and Parliaments, The Task of the Communist Parties, On Communist Morality (from The Tasks of the Youth Leagues.32. Josef Stalin: The Foundations of Leninism. The Dictatorship of the Proletariat as the Instrument of the Proletarian Revolution, The Dictatorship of the Proletariat as the Domination of the Proletariat over the Bourgeoisie.33. Mao Tse-Tung: Selected Writings: The People's Democratic Dictatorship, The Communist Party, Socialism and Communism, The Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People, Methods of Thinking and Methods of Work, Discipline, Culture and Art, Study,Centralized Democracy.34. Karl Kautsky: The Dictatorship of the Proletariat. Democracy and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat.35. Programme of the Communist International. The Ultimate Aim of the Communist International - World Communism.PART TWO: FASCISMSECTION I: ABSOLUTISM36. Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince. Concerning the Things for Which Men, and Especially Princes, Are Praised or Blamed, Concerning Cruelty and Clemency, and Whether it is Better to be Loved than Feared,oe oConcerning the Way in which Princes Should Keep Faith,oe oThat One Should Avoid Being Despised and Hated,oe oThe Art of War,oe oAn Exhortation to Liberate Italy from the Barbarians.oe37. Jean Bodin: Six Books of the Commonwealth. oConcerning Sovereignty, The True Attributes of Sovereignty.38. Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan. The Origins and Nature of the State.SECTION II: ORGANICISM39. Georg W. F. Hegel: The Philosophy of Law. The Idea and Aim of the State, The Constitution, The Power of the Prince,The Meaning of War, International Relations.40. Johann G. Fichte: Addresses to the German Nation. The Unity of the German Nation,The Love of Fatherland.41. Heinrich von Treitschke: Politics. The State Idea, The State as Person, The State as Power, The State as Sovereign.42. Mario Palmieri: The Philosophy of Fascism. Fascism and Liberty, The Fascist State. SECTION III: IRRATIONALISM43. Georges Sorel: Letter to Daniel Halevy. The Social Myth.44. Richard Wagner: Writings on Politics. Rebirth of the German Spirit.45. Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil. The Will to Power,Master-Morality and Slave-Morality,The Need for Struggle,Instinct for Rank.46. Houston S. Chamberlain: Foundations of the Nineteenth Century. The Entrance of the Germanic People into the History of the World,Freedom and Loyalty, A Forward Glance.47. Alfredo Rocco: The Political Doctrine of Fascism. Fascism as Action, as Feeling, and as Thought.48. Alfred Rosenberg: The Myth of the Twentieth Century. The Myth of Nordic Blood.SECTION IV: FASCIST PHILOSOPHY IN ITALY49. Alfredo Rocco: The Political Doctrine of Fascism. The Endorsement of Benito Mussolini,From Liberalism to Socialism, Fascism as an Integral Doctrine of Sociality Antithetical to the Atomism of Liberal, Democratic, and Socialist Theories. Liberty, Government and Social Justice in the Political Doctrine of Fascism, Historical Value of the Doctrine of Fascism.50. Benito Mussolini: The Doctrine of Fascism. Fundamental Ideas,Political and Social Doctrine.51. Giovanni Gentile: The Philosophic Basics of Fascism.52. Mario Palmieri: The Philosophy of Fascism. Fascism and the Meaning of Life,oe oFascism and the Conduct of Life,The Corporative Idea, The Legacy of Rome, The Hero as Leader.53. The National Fascist Party and The Charter of Labor: The National Fascist Party,oe The Charter of Labor.54. The Fascist Decalogue.SECTION V: FASCIST PHILOSOPHY IN GERMANY55. Hermann Goring: Germany Reborn. Swastika Versus Star.56. Alfred Rosenberg: The Myth of the Twentieth Century. German National Honor, State and Folk, Nordic Europe.57. Ernst R. Huber: Constitutional Law of the Greater German Reich. The People, The Fuhrer, The National Socialist Party, The Individual and the Reich.58. Adolph Hitler: Mein Kampf, and Selected Speeches. The Importance of Racial Purity: The Aryan Race. State and Race, Clothes and Bodies Serve the Nation,Citizens and Subjects,Organization and Hierarchy, The Army as the School of the German Nation,oe oThe Jew,oe oThe Jewish Treat,oe oMight Makes Right,oe oThe Strong over the Weak, Only Force Rules,The Nonsense of Humanitarianism,Struggle - The Source of Strength,oe oOriginality Plus Brutality, Man Must Kill, Nationalism vs Internationalism,oe oLong Live Fanatical Nationalism,oe oRacial and National Regeneration,oe oTo the German Youth,oe oObedience Above All.oePART THREE: DEMOCRACYSECTION I: WHAT IS DEMOCRACY?59. Pericles: Funeral Oration. Our City Is Thrown Open to the World.60. Aristotle: Politics. The Varieties of Democracy, The Vital Role of the Middle Class, The Attributes of Democracy.61. Carl Cohen: Democracy. Some Short Definitions of Democracy,The Paradox of Self-Rule, The Essence of Democracy. 62. A.D. Lindsay: The Essentials of Democracy. Democratic Problems and Paradoxes,oe oDiscussion as the Essential Element in Democratic Participation Voting.oe63. Joseph A. Schumpeter: Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. Democracy as Competition for Political Leadership.64. Henry B. Mayo: An Introduction to Democratic Theory. The Theory of Democracy Outlined,Distinguishing Principles of a Democratic System.65. John Dewey: from The Philosopher of the Common Man. The Foundation of Democracy,Creative Democracy.SECTION II: THE JUSTIFICATION OF DEMOCRACYA. DEMOCRACY JUSTIFIED UNDER THE LAWS OF NATURE66. John Locke: Second Treatise of Government. Of the State of Nature, Of the State of War, Of Political or Civil Society, Of the Beginning of Political Societies and Government, Of the Extent of the Legislative Power, Of the Legislative, Executive, and Federative Power of the Commonwealth, Of the Subordination of the Powers of the Commonwealth, Of the Dissolution of Government.67. Jean Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract, Of the Right of the Strongest, Of Slavery,That We Must Always Go Back to
an Original Compact, Of the Social Pact, Of the Civil State, Of the Limits of the Sovereign Power.68. Thomas Jefferson: The Declaration of Independence and Selected Letters. The Declaration of Independence, On Rebellion, On Monarchy and America, On Government by the People, On Education.69. Carl Cohen: Democracy. The Argument Outlined, The Justification of Democracy in General, The Justification of Democracy in General, The Justification of Democracy in the Body Politic, Objections and Replies, Equality as an Hypothesis.B. DEMOCRACY JUSTIFIED BY ITS CONSEQUENCES70. John Stuart Mill: Considerations on Representative Government. The Ideally Best Polity.71. Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy in America. The Real Advantages of a Democracy,General Tendency of the Laws, Public Spirit,Respect for Right, Respect for Law, All-Pervading Political Activity, General Survey of the Subject.72. Ernest Barker: Principles of Social and Political Theory. Democracy and the Plurality of Ideas.73. Charles Frankel: The Democratic Prospect. Why Choose Democracy? The Uses of Democracy. SECTION III: DEMOCRACY, REPRESENTATION, AND MAJORITY RULE74. James Madison: The Federalist Papers (#10 and #51). How Retain a Popular Government While Guarding Against the Dangers of Faction? How Balance the Powers of Government?75. Edmund Burke: Speech to the Electors of Bristol. A Parliamentary Representative is Not a Mere Delegate.76. J. Ramsay MacDonald: Parliament and Democracy. The Parliamentary Idea. 77. John C. Calhoun: A Disquisition on Government. Man and Government, Government and Constitution, The Concurrent Majority, Numerical and Concurrent Majorities Distinguished,The Concurrent Majority and Constitutional Government, Objections and Replies.78. The Supreme Court of the United States: Baker v. Carr. Just Representation Must Protect the Equality of Citizens.79. Lani Guinier: No Two Seats: The Elusive Quest for Political Equality and The Triumph of Tokenism. The Elusive Quest for Equality of Participation, When Is a Representative System Fair? Black Political Empowerment, Proportionate Interest Representation, Criticism of Proportionate Interest Representation, Proportionate Interest Representation as a Democratic Ideal.80. Carl Cohen: Democracy. A. Decision-Making Rules as the Instruments of Democracy. The Need for Decision-making Rules, Efficient Rules and Protective Rules, Majority Rule as the Special Instrument of Democracy, Rule by Fluctuating Majorities, B. Representation as the Instrument of Democracy. Direct and Indirect Democracy, The Elements of Every Representative System, Degree of Representation, Decision-Making Rules and Representative Bodies, Bases of Representation,Geographical and Proportional Representation, Levels of Representation, Representation Between Elections, The Dilemma of the Representative.SECTION IV: THE IDEALS OF DEMOCRACYA. Fraternity. 81. George Washington: Farewell Address. oUnion as the Bulwark of American Aspirations.82. Abraham Lincoln: First Inaugural Address. The American Union Is Perpetual.oeB. Liberty.83. John Stuart Mill: On Liberty. The Tyranny of the Majority, The Domain of Human Liberty, Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion.84. The Supreme Court of the United States: Cases on the Freedom of Speech: Schenck v. United States (1919 Abrams v. United States (1919)Gitlow v. New York (1925), Whitney v. California (1927), W. Va. State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943), United States v. Dennis (1951), Yates v. United States (1957), Barenblatt v. United States (1959).85. Alexander Meiklejohn: Political Freedom. How Is the First Amendment To Be Understood? The Clear and Present Danger Test Rejected.86. Milton Thomas: Milton Friedman: Capitalism and Freedom. Political and Economic Freedom, Economic Freedom Supports Political Freedom, A Free Society requires a Market Economy. 87. Norman Thomas: Democratic Socialism. Planning and Democracy, Planning and Liberty, Socialist Planning for America, Social, Private, and Cooperative Ownership.88. Friedrich A. Hayek: The Road to Serfdom. Planning and Democracy.89. Thomas Hill Green: Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract. Negative and Positive Freedom.90. John Rawls: A Theory of Justice. The System of Liberty, The Principle of Equal Participation, The Meaning of Equal Political Liberty, The Extent of Equal Political Liberty, The Worth of Political Liberty, The Ideally Just Constitution.C. Equality. 91. Immanuel Kant: Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. All Humans Are Equal in Being Ends in Themselves.92. Thomas Paine: The Rights of Man. The Unity of Man.93. Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy in America. Equality and Liberty Compared.94. Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments: The History of Repeated Injuries and Usurpations on the Part of Man Toward Women.95. Harold J. Laski: A Grammar of Politics. How Is Equality to Be Understood?96. Ralph Barton Perry: Puritanism and Democracy. Human Equality and the Maxim of Equal Opportunity.97. The Supreme Court of The United States: Cases on Equality.Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), Brown v. Board of Education (1954),University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978).98. Martin Luther King, Jr.: Letter from Birmingham City Jail, 1963. Civil Disobedience in Defense of God-Given Rights.99. Nelson Mandela: Statement at Trial, Rivonia, South Africa, 1964. Political Division Based on Color Is Entirely Artificial.D. Autonomy. 100. Carl Cohen: Democracy. Democracy as Autonomy. Autonomy and Heteronomy Contrasted.
