Skaldic Poetry as Christian Propaganda

A detailed literary study of fourteenth-century poetry composed in honour of a controversial thirteenth-century bishop.


Vernacular poetry was a powerful influence in fourteenth-century Icelandic elite literary culture, even to the extent of providing the means of elevating a local bishop, Gu?mundr Arason, to sainthood. Three Icelandic poets, Abbots Arngrimr Brandsson and Arni Jonsson, and Lawman Einarr Gilsson, composed impressive encomia of Gu?mundr, with the intention of recording the holy bishop's sanctity in the language of contemporary religious devotion and to persuade Church authorities in both Scandinavia and the wider Christian world to canonize him. While the local campaign ultimately failed to sway the Catholic Church, it did succeed in producing a significant corpus of vernacular religious poetry, unmatched in combining the traditional diction and metres of Old Norse skaldic verse with the vernacular poetics of affective piety and Christian hermeneutics.


This important group of poems is examined here for the first time as literary works. The manuscript context of the Gu?mundr poetry is investigated in the first chapter. The next three chapters offer a detailed analysis of the poems themselves while the final chapters situate the Gu?mundr poetry within the milieu of the vernacular learning that flourished particularly in mid-fourteenth-century Icelandic bishoprics and monasteries. They also explore the relationship between contemporary prose sagas of Gu?mundr Arason and the poetry composed in his honour, which, it is argued, offers figural interpretations of the substance of the prose texts.