Preface vii
Introduction ix
<b>1 Primary Elements</b>
Primary Elements 2
Point 4
Point Elements 5
Two Points 6
Line 8
Linear Elements 10
Linear Elements Defining Planes 15
From Line to Plane 14
Plane 18
Planar Elements 20
Volume 28
Volumetric Elements 30
<b>2 Form</b>
Form 34
Properties of Form 35
Shape 36
Primary Shapes 38
Circle 39
Triangle 40
Square 41
Primary Solids 42
Regular & Irregular Forms 46
Transformation of Form 52
Dimensional Transformation 54
Geometric Transformation 58
Subtractive Form 68
Subtractive & Additive Forms 71
Additive Form 72
Centralized Form 74
Linear Form 76
Radial Form 80
Clustered Form 82
Grid Form 86
Formal Collisions of Geometry 88
Circle & Square 90
Rotated Grid 94
Articulation of Form 98
Edges & Corners 100
Corners 101
Surface Articulation 106
<b>3 Form & Space</b>
Form & Space 118
Form & Space: Unity of Opposites 120
Form Defining Space 128
Horizontal Elements Defining Space 129
Base Plane 130
Elevated Base Plane 132
Depressed Base Plane 138
Overhead Plane 144
Vertical Elements Defining Space 154
Vertical Linear Elements 156
Single Vertical Plane 164
L-Shaped Configuration of Planes 168
L-Shaped Planes 169
Parallel Vertical Planes 174
Parallel Planes 176
U-Shaped Planes 180
Four Planes: Closure 186
Four Planes: Enlosure 190
Openings in Space-Defining Elements 194
Openings within Planes 196
Openings at Corners 198
Openings between Planes 200
Qualities of Architectural Space 202
Degree of Enclosure 204
Light 206
View 212
Ventilation 218
<b>4 Organization</b>
Organization of Form & Space 222
Spatial Relationships 223
Space within a Space 224
Interlocking Spaces 226
Adjacent Spaces 228
Spaces Linked by a Common Space 230
Spatial Organizations 232
Centralized Organizations 234
Linear Organizations 244
Radial Organizations 254
Clustered Organizations 260
Grid Organizations 270
<b>5 Circulation</b>
Circulation: Movement through Space 280
Circulation Elements 281
Approach 282
Entrance 290
Configuration of the Path 304
Path-Space Relationships 318
Form of the Circulation Space 322
Stairways 326
<b>6 Proportion & Scale</b>
Proportion & Scale 336
Material Proportions 337
Structural Proportions 338
Manufactured Proportions 340
Proportioning Systems 341
Golden Section 344
Regulating Lines 348
Classical Orders 350
Renaissance Theories 356
Modulor 360
Ken 364
Anthropometry 368
Scale 371
Visual Scale 372
Human Scale 374
A Scalar Comparison 378
<b>7 Principles</b>
Ordering Principles 382
Axis 384
Symmetry 392
Hierarchy 402
Datum 412
Rhythm 428
Repetition 429
Transformation 450
Conclusion 456
A Selected Bibliography 459
Glossary 461
